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AP Government 19
AP Government - Chapter 19 Vocabulary
| Chapter 19 Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Civil rights | The rights of citizens to vote, to receive equal treatment before the aw, and to share equally with other citizens the benefits of public facilities. |
| Suspect classifications | Classifications of people on the basis of their race and ethnicity. The courts have rules that laws classifying people on these grounds will be subject to "strict scrutiny" |
| Jim Crow | A slang expression for African Americans that emerged in the 1820's and came to signify the laws and governmental practices designed to segregate blacks from whites, especially in the American south |
| Separate-but-Equal doctrine | The doctrine established in "Plessy v. Ferguson" in which the Supreme Court ruled that a state could provide "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans. |
| De-jure Segregation | Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. Segregated schools as a result of state laws is an example |
| De-facto Segregation | Racial segreation in schools that occurs not because of laws or administrative decisons, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement. To the extent that blacks and whites live in separate neighborhoods, neighborhood schools will be segregated. |
| Nonviolent civil disobedience | A philosophy of oppsoing a law one considers unjust by peacefully vilating it and allowing oneself to be punished as a result. |
| Strict Scrutiny | The standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race. To be accepted such a classification must be closely related to a compelling public purpose. |
| Affirmative Action | The requirement, imposed by law or administrative regulation, that an organization, take positive steps to ncrease the number or proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in its membership. |
| Equality of opportunity | A view that it is wrong to use race or sex to discriminate against or give preferential treatment to minorities or women. |
| Compensatory Action | an action designed to help members of disadvantaged groups, especially minorites and women, catch up, usually by giving them extra education, training, or services. |
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