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9th grade history
all about america
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. When did the United States experience the “Progressive Era | From 1890-1920 |
| 2. What were some of the general beliefs of Progressives? | Progressives? 1) Industrialization and urbanization had created many social problems 2) The government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems |
| 3. What were some characteristics of people in the Progressive movement? | What were some of their jobs? 3a) Urban, educated middle class Americans 3b) journalists, social workers, educators, politicians and members of the clergy (church) |
| 5. What did technology have to do with Progressivism? | Progressives had a strong faith in science and technology. Science and technology had changed the world (lightbulb, telephone, skyscraper) and had benefitted people, so those scientific principles |
| 6. What type of stories did the muckrakers write about? | They wrote about unfair practices of corporations, corrupt government, social problems like lynching, child labor and poverty |
| 7. Ida Tarbell and Charles Edward Russell were two journalists who concentrated on writing about what? | They wrote about unfair practices of corporations |
| 8. List two other authors mentioned in the section and describe what they wrote about | 8a) Jacob Riis: he wrote about poverty, disease and crime that afflicted immigrant neighborhoods 8b) Lincoln Steffens wrote about vote stealing and corruption with political machines Making Government Efficient |
| 9. Why did Progressives want to change the government? | hey wanted to make the government more efficient so it could solve problems in society easier. |
| 10. What is scientific management? | Breaking down tasks into small parts that people could do easier, managing time, and using standardized tools to create efficiency |
| 11. How did Efficiency Progressives want to fix the problem of unqualified people filling city department jobs? | They wanted a Commission plan or a council-manager system where experts would be appointed to different departments to run them, instead of politicians getting elected into those jobs |
| 12. How would the commission plan help solve | the problems in the city? Experts would run the city departments and make sure they ran as efficiently and correctly as possible Democracy and Progressives The Roots of Progressivism (18.1) |
| 13. What did Democratic Progressives want? | This made the process of picking candidates more democratic because all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election |
| 14. 14. Why did Democratic Progresses want to push for the direct primary? | his made the process of picking candidates more democratic because all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election |
| 15. What is an initiative? | An initiative allowed for a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it |
| 16. What is a referendum? | Allowed for legislation to be approved by the people, not just the representatives |
| 17. What is the purpose of a recall? | 7. Allowed voters to demand a special election o remove an elected official from office before his/her term expired |
| 18. What was the 17th Amendment? What did it do? When was it passed? | -The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators by the people. -It took the power of electing Senators out of the hands of State Represenatives and put it in the hands of the people -It was passed in 1912 |
| 19. What is suffrage? | What amendment gave African American Men suffrage? 19a) The right to vote 19b) 15th Amendment |
| 20. What were some of the problems that female suffragettes faced? | ? 20a) Accused of being unfeminine 20b) Accused of being immoral 20c) They were physically attacked 20d) The Civil War drew a lot of support away from the Suffrage movement |
| 21. What did the 15th Amendment have to do with women’s rights? | ? Women had tried to get the right to vote using this amendment, but it was refused by Republicans during Reconstruction |
| 22. What was the difference between the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association? | The American Woman Suffrage Association believed in convince state governments to give women the right to vote before going for changing the constitution 22b) National Woman Suffrage Association: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony American Woman |
| 23. In 1900, which states gave women full voting rights? | Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Colorado |
| 24. What were the types of women starting to get involved in the voting rights movement? | 24a) Working class women 24b) middle class women |
| 25. Who was Alice Paul and what did she do to try and get President Wilson to act on suffrage | 25a) She was the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association 25b) they protested, picketed the White House, blocked sidewalks, chained themselves to lampposts and went on hunger strikes |
| 26. What is the Nineteenth Amendment and when was it passed? | 19th Amendment: the right for women to vote Passed in August of 1920 |
| 27. What were some other problems progressives focused on? | ) Crime 27b) Illiteracy 27c) Alcohol Abuse 27d) Child Labor 27e) Health and Safety of Americans |
| 28. How many children worked outside of the home in 1900 | 1.7 Million |
| 29. What were “breaker boys”? What was their job and how much did they get paid? | 29a) young boys who worked in coal mines 29b) They picked slag out of coal 29c) 60 cents for 10-hours of work |
| 30. What were some of the laws that states passed to protect child laborers? | ? 30a) Minimum age for employment 30b) Maximum hours children can work 30c) compulsory education: children have to be at school instead of work. |
| 31. What event caused New York to pass strict building codes to address fire hazards, unsafe machinery and working conditions? | The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire |
| 1. What is progressivism? | was a collection of different ideas and activities about how to reform the problems within American society. |
| 2. Who were muckrakers? | -were a group of journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption. EX. Lincoln Steffens, Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis, Ida B. Wells. |
| 3. Why did progressives want to get the gov’t. involved? | -they believed that problems in society could be solved if government was efficient. |
| 4. Who was Robert La Follette and what was his idea of a direct primary? | The governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, criticized how political parties ran their conventions. |
| direct primary | , a party election in which all party members vote for a candidate to run in the general election. |
| 5. What is initiative? | The initiative allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it |
| 6. What is referendum? | The referendum allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval. |
| 7. What is recall? | The recall allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office. |
| 8. What is suffrage? | Suffrage is the right to vote |
| 9. What is the Nineteenth Amendment? | guaranteed women the right to vote. |
| 10. What did social welfare progressivism aim to protect | created charities to help the poor and disadvantaged, and pushed for laws to help fix social problems. |
| 11. What was the temperance movement? | called for the moderation or elimination of alcohol. |
| 12. What is prohibition? | 18th Amendment. prohibition–laws banning the manufacture, sale, and transfer of alcohol. |
| 13. What is socialism? | Socialism, the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole |
| 14. How did Theodore Roosevelt become president? | William McKinley was shot. |
| 15. What was the Square Deal? | the government should try to balance the needs of all the groups in American society. |
| 16. Describe the miner’s strike? | .increase, reduction in work hours, and recognition for their union. The strike went on for months, threatening a coal shortage, nationwide panic. About 150,000 workers from the mines of eastern Pennsylvania demanded a pay |
| 17. What is arbitration | arbitration, a settlement imposed by an outside party. |
| 18. What is the Hepburn Act? | In 1906 the Hepburn Act was intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by limiting the distribution of free R.R. passes and giving it the power to set railroad rates. |
| 19. Who was Upton Sinclair? What did The Jungle discuss? | A muckraker. In 1906 Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle described his observations of Chicago slaughterhouses. |
| 20. What is the Meat Inspection Act? | required federal inspection of meat sold and set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants. |
| 21. What are the Pure Food and Drug Act? | prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs. |
| 22. Who was Gifford Pinchot? | Gifford Pinchot to head the United States Forest Service to carefully manage the timber resources in the West. Pinchot and his department created regulations controlling lumbering on federal lands. |
| 23. List some of William Howard Taft’s progressive reforms | Mann-Elkins Act-putting communications like telephone & telegraph cables in the hands of the ICC. . Payne-Aldrich Tariff: which raised some tariffs instead of lowering them Children’s Bureau to fight child labor. Taft was a conservationist who monitore |
| 24. Who ran in the Election of 1912? | Woodrow Wilson, Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt |
| 25. What is New Nationalism? | Roosevelt’s New Nationalism was a complete line of reforms that favored legislation to protect women and children in the workforce and workers’ compensation for those injured on the job. He also wanted a federal trade commission to regulate industry. |
| 26. What is New Freedom? | Wilson’s plan, the New Freedom, supported free enterprise and criticized Roosevelt for a program that Wilson felt supported monopolies. An important part Wilson’s New Freedom was the provision for levying an income tax, or a direct tax on the earnings of |
| 27. List some of Woodrow Wilson’s progressive reforms? 16th Amendment: | 16th Amendment: direct income tax on citizens |
| Federal Reserve: | where banks would have to keep some of their deposits in a regional reserve bank to protect customers’ money in a case of unanticipated loss. |
| Federal Trade Commission (FTC) | to monitor American business. The FTC investigated companies and issued “cease and desist” orders against companies involved in unfair trade practices |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | that put a ban on tying agreements and price discrimination |
| Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, | which prohibited children under the age of 14 from working in factories. |
| Adamson Act | which established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers. |
| Federal Farm Loan Act, | Act, which provided farmers with long-term loans at low interest rates. |
| 28. What is the Federal Reserve System? | Federal Reserve: where banks would have to keep some of their deposits in a regional reserve bank to protect customers’ money in a case of unanticipated loss. |
| 29. What is the Federal Trade Commission? | Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to monitor American business. The FTC investigated companies and issued “cease and desist” orders against companies involved in unfair trade practices |
| 30. What is the NAACP? | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded. African American leaders met to demand full political rights and responsibilities and an end to racial discrimination for African |
| 31. What was the legacy of the progressive movement? | By the end of the Progressive era, Americans looked to the government to play an Regulate and solve problems |
| 32. What did many Progressives believe was responsible for the problems in American life? | ? Alcohol |
| 33. What was the goal of the temperance movement? | elimination of alcohol 33b) Reduce alcohol consumption, then pressed for Prohibition |
| 34. What did Progressives worry about specifically when it came to big business? | wealth was concentrated in the hands of too few people |
| 35. What was the belief that led to the passing of the Sherman Antitrust Act? | The belief that the government should break up big companies to try and restore competition |
| 32. What did many Progressives believe was responsible for the problems in American life? | ? Alcohol |
| 33. What was the goal of the temperance movement? | elimination of alcohol 33b) Reduce alcohol consumption, then pressed for Prohibition |
| 34. What did Progressives worry about specifically when it came to big business? | wealth was concentrated in the hands of too few people |
| 35. What was the belief that led to the passing of the Sherman Antitrust Act? | The belief that the government should break up big companies to try and restore competition |
| 36. What is socialism? Who was one of their big leaders? | ) the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole.Eugene Debs |
| 1. Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s Social Darwinist’s beliefs. | . He believed that the United States was in competition with the other nations of the world and that only the fittest would survive. |
| 2. Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive beliefs. | The government should actively balance the needs of competing groups in American Society |
| 4a. What law did Roosevelt enforce when he broke up the Northern Securities? | The Sherman AntiTrust Act 4b |
| 4b. What type of company was Northern Securities? | 4b) a Railroad company |
| 5. What name did the newspapers give Theodore Roosevelt after Northern Securities v. the United States? | Trust Buster |
| 6. Why did Theodore Roosevelt get involved with the United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania? | . If the strike dragged on too long, the country would face a coal shortage that could shut down factories and cause people to freeze |
| 7. Theodore Roosevelt’s pressure for arbitration between the Union and the Mine Workers was the first step in establishing what? | ? He had taken the first step toward establishing the federal government as an honest broker between powerful groups in society |
| 8. The Department of Commerce and Labor was created to do what? | ? It was in charge of investigating corporations and issuing reports on their activities. |
| 9. What act was passed in an attempt to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission? 9b. What did this act do? | ? 9a)Hepburn Act 9b) It gave the ICC power to set railroad rates. |
| 10. What became a national issue in 1905? | Consumer protection |
| 11. What was The Jungle written about? | The working conditions of Meat Packing Factories in Chicago. |
| 12. Describe the Meat Inspection Act | : required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act. 12a) | Pure Food and Drug Act: prohibited the manufacture, sale or shipment of impure or falsely label foods and drugs |
| 13. Conservation manages what? | ? Conservation manages the nation’s natural resources like trees, water, minerals, and animals |
| 14. What act paid for irrigation and land development projects from the funds collected from sale of public lands? | ? Newlands Reclamation Act |
| 15. Who agreed with Roosevelt that trained experts in forestry and resource management should apply the same scientific standard to the | Gifford Pinchot |
| 16. Who did Americans expect to solve the economic and social problems of America? | ? They expected that the federal government should solve the economic and social issues of the United States |
| Taft Becomes President 1. Who was close friends with Taft and believed he was right to be president? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| 2. Describe Taft’s personality when compared to Theodore Roosevelt’s. 2b. Did this allow Taft to get along with Progressives? | Taft was a skillful administrator and judge, but disliked political negotiation and didn’t like conflict with others. Taft Responded slowly and approached problems from a thoughtful way. No, they came into conflict because of this |
| 3. What was the reason Taft worked with Joseph G. Cannon ? | Taft needed his help to pass a new tariff. Cannon could dominate debate and could kill the tariff if he wanted to. |
| 10. What became a national issue in 1905? | Consumer protection |
| 11. What was The Jungle written about? | The working conditions of Meat Packing Factories in Chicago. |
| 12. Describe the Meat Inspection Act | : required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act. 12a) | Pure Food and Drug Act: prohibited the manufacture, sale or shipment of impure or falsely label foods and drugs |
| 13. Conservation manages what? | ? Conservation manages the nation’s natural resources like trees, water, minerals, and animals |
| 14. What act paid for irrigation and land development projects from the funds collected from sale of public lands? | ? Newlands Reclamation Act |
| 15. Who agreed with Roosevelt that trained experts in forestry and resource management should apply the same scientific standard to the | Gifford Pinchot |
| 16. Who did Americans expect to solve the economic and social problems of America? | ? They expected that the federal government should solve the economic and social issues of the United States |
| Taft Becomes President 1. Who was close friends with Taft and believed he was right to be president? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| 2. Describe Taft’s personality when compared to Theodore Roosevelt’s. 2b. Did this allow Taft to get along with Progressives? | Taft was a skillful administrator and judge, but disliked political negotiation and didn’t like conflict with others. Taft Responded slowly and approached problems from a thoughtful way. No, they came into conflict because of this |
| 3. What was the reason Taft worked with Joseph G. Cannon ? | Taft needed his help to pass a new tariff. Cannon could dominate debate and could kill the tariff if he wanted to. |
| 4. What did the Payne-Aldrich Tariff do? | Barely lowered tariffs and raised the tariff on some goods |
| 5. What is a word for a private business group? | Syndicate |
| 6. What was the result of Taft’s unpopularity in 1910? | he Democrats took a majority in the House and then Democrats and more Radical Progressives took control of the senate |
| 7. How was Taft more progressive than Roosevelt when it came to trusts? | ? He brought twice as many antitrust cases to court in four years then Theodore Roosevelt had in 7 years |
| 8. What was the point of the Children’s Bureau | To investigate and publicized problems with child labor |
| 9. What did Taft do that finally made Roosevelt stop supporting him? | Taft sued U.S. Steel in an anti-trust court case. They were trying to buy another company and Taft called it a monopoly and sued. Theodore Roosevelt had helped the two companies combine so he felt betrayed |
| 2. What was the name of Roosevelt’s independent party | 2a) The Progressive Party |
| What was it’s nickname? | The Bull Moose Party |
| 3. What was Woodrow Wilson’s background? | He was the governor of New Jersey |
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Robert_Gary9
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