click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
QDM Exam #2
Ch. 8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Quantitative Forecasting Methods | Forecast is based on mathematical modeling. |
Executive Opinion | Forecasting method in which a group of managers collectively develop a forecast. |
Market Research | Approach to forecasting that relies on surveys and interviews to determine customer preferences. |
Delphi Method | Approach to forecasting in which a forecast is the product of a consensus among a group of experts. |
Time Series Models | Based on the assumption that a forecast can be generated from the information contained in a time series of data. |
Time Series | A series of observations taken over time. |
Causal Models | Based on the assumption that the variable being forecast is related to other variables in the environment. |
Level or Horizontal Pattern | Pattern in which data values fluctuate around a constant mean. |
Trend | Pattern in which data exhibit increasing or decreasing values over time. |
Seasonality | Any pattern that regularly repeats itself and is constant in length. |
Cycles | Data patterns created by economic fluctuations. |
Random Variation | Unexplained variation that cannot be predicted. |
Naive Method | Forecasting method that assumes next period's forecast is equal to the current period's actual value. |
Simple Mean or Average | The average of a set of data. |
Simple Moving Average | A forecasting method in which only n of the most recent observations are averaged. |
Weighted Moving Average | A forecasting method in which n of the most recent observations are averaged and past observations may be weighted differently. |
Exponential Smoothing Model | Uses a sophisticated weight average procedure to generate a forecast. |
Trend-Adjusted Exponential Smoothing | Exponential smoothing model that is suited to data that exhibit a trend. |
Seasonal Index | Percentage amount by which data for each season are above or below the mean. |
Linear Regression | Procedure that models a straight-line relationship between two variables. |
Correlation Coefficient | Statistic that measures the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables. |
Forecast Error | Difference between forecast and actual value for a given period. |
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) | Measure of forecast error that computes error as the average of the sum of the absolute errors. |
Mean Squared Error (MSE) | Measure of forecast error that computes error as the average of the squared error. |
Forecast Bias | A persistent tendency for a forecast to be over or under the actual value of the data. |
Tracking Signal | Tool used to monitor the quality of a forecast. |