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Linux Bash Commands
Question | Answer |
---|---|
ls | directory listing |
ls -al | formatted listing with hidden files |
cd dir | change directory to dir |
cd - | change to home |
pwd | show current directory |
mkdir dir | create a directory dir |
rm file | delete file |
rm -r dir | delete directory dir |
rm -f file | force remove file |
rm -rf dir | force remove directory dir * |
cp file1 file2 | copy file1 to file2 |
cp -r dir1 dir2 | copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist |
mv file1 file2 | rename or move file1 to file2 if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2 |
ln -s file link | create symbolic link link to file |
touch file | create or update file |
cat > file | places standard input into file |
more file | output the contents of file |
head file | output the first 10 lines of file |
tail file | output the last 10 lines of file |
tail -f file | output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines Process Management |
ps | display your currently active processes |
top | display all running processes |
chmod octal file | change the permissions of fileto octal, which can be found separately for user,group, and world by adding:● 4 – read (r)● 2 – write (w)● 1 – execute (x)Examples:chmod 777 – read, write, execute for allchmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world |
grep pattern files | search for pattern in files |
grep -r pattern dir | search recursively for pattern in dir |
command | grep pattern | search for pattern in the output of command |
locate file | find all instances of file |
date | show the current date and time |
cal | show this month's calendar |
uptime | show current uptime |
whoami | who you are logged in as |
man command | show the manual for command |
gzip file | compresses file and renames it to file.gz |
gzip -d file.gz | decompresses file.gz back to file |
!! - repeats the last command | repeats the last command |
exit | log out of current session |