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Unit 3 Part 2
Revolutionary War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1/3 Theory | At the start of the American Revolution, it is estimated that 1/3 were Loyalists, 1/3 were Patriots, and 1/3 did not have an opinion either way. |
| Thomas Jefferson | A Virginian and primary author of the Declaration of Independence, who would later become the 3rd President of the United States. |
| Declaration of Independence | Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This document explained that the colonies wanted to severe (cut) ties with the British government and give the reasons why. |
| South Carolina's View on the 1st Draft of the Declaration of Independence | South Carolina strongly objected to the 1st draft of Declaration of Independence because the wording of the document condemned (put down) slavery. |
| Militia men | Also know as partisan soldiers. These citizen soldiers used guerrilla warfare and surprise attacks to frustrate the British. |
| "Bloody Tarleton" | Name given to British commander Banastre Tarleton, he was known to have executed Colonel Buford's men in the Waxhaws. |
| South Carolina Signers of the Declaration of Independence | Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward Jr., Thomas Lynch Jr., Arthur Middleton |
| Roles of Women during the American Revolution | Women served many roles during the American Revolution. They cared for the wounded, carried messages, served as spies, and sacrificed their homes for the cause. |
| Significant Patriot Victories | Battle of Fort Sullivan (defense of Charleston), Battle of Cowpens, Battle of Kings Mountain |
| Patriots vs. Loyalists in South Carolina | Divisions between the Patriots and the Loyalists eventually led to a civil war between the two groups in the Upcountry. |
| Battle of King's Mountain | October 7, 1780. This was the "turning point" in the war. Fought in the upcountry of South Carolina, this battle was a violent encounter between Patriots and Loyalists (American vs. American). This was a major Patriot victory. |
| Battle of Eutaw Springs | September 8, 1781. Considered the last major battle of the American Revolution in South Carolina. The Patriots would have taken the day if they had finished the battle. It was considered a Pyrrhic victory for the British. Brits lost 1/4 of their men. |
| Battle of Saratoga | October 17, 1777. Considered to be the turning point of the war for the colonies. After this victory against the British the French became the Patriot's ally. |
| William Jasper | A German immigrant who joined the South Carolina regiment in 1776. He became a hero during the Battle of Fort Sullivan. He leaped over the palmetto log wall and saved the flag. |
| Patrick Ferguson | British commander who led the Loyalists army at Kings Mountain. Known as the "Bulldog", he was a major threat to Back Country settlers. He would die along side the many American Loyalists fighting for England. |
| Buford's Massacre | This event (1780), in which Banastre Tarleton and his English troops executed Patriots as they tried to surrender, made many Back Country settlers anti-British. The battle cry "Tarleton's Quarter" became synonymous with this event. |
| Why African Americans supported the Revolution | Although many Americans did not support the war, this group supported the war because they thought it would end slavery. |
| guerrilla warfare | A military strategy that involves hit and run tactics and also targets high ranking officers. The Patriots began to use this strategy after the Patriot defeat at the Battle of Camden. |
| Francis Marion | Who was known as the “Swamp Fox.” He patrolled the Pee Dee area. French Huguenot. Thoughtful, quick. |
| Thomas Sumter | the “Fighting Gamecock.” Area- Santee River. Wealthy planter. Impulsive. |
| Andrew Pickens | the “Wizard Owl.” Area- Back Country. Loyalists attacked, burned his home. Broke parole to return to fighting |
| William Harden | employed guerilla warfare in the Beaufort area of South Carolina. |
| Battle of Camden | August 16, 1780. After a series of mistakes by American commander Horatio Gates, the Patriots were routed (defeated). Although it was a crushing defeat, Nathanael Greene was selected to be the leader of the Southern campaign. |
| "Giving One's Parole" | After the siege of Charleston, militiamen would take an oath not to fight against the British. However, the British would change the terms and in doing so, militiamen would now be required to fight for England. |
| Southern Campaign | This was the third phase in the British war strategy. England turned its attention to the South because of the large numbers of Loyalists. If England was able to gain control of the South it would turn the tide of the war. |
| Stamp Act | A tax on all printed materials, such as newspapers, legal documents, business contracts, etc. |
| boycott | Colonists often used this as a form of protest and refused to buy or sell British goods. |
| indirect tax | A sales tax on goods or services passed on to the person (consumer) responsible for the payment. |
| Townshend Act | A series of acts passed by Parliament in 1767, that placed a tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and imported tea. |
| Tea Act | This was the catalyst for the Boston Tea Party. Passed in 1773, this act permitted only the selling of tea provided by the British East India Company. |
| militia | A military force that is composed of private citizens and would take the place of a regular army in an emergency. |
| Patriots | Someone who feels a strong support for their country. During the American Revolution, those who fought against the King and England were considered this. |
| Partisans | Fighters who attack the enemy in occupied territory. |
| French and Indian War | Ending in 1763, this conflict was between the French and their Indian allies against the British. |
| de facto | A term meaning actually. |
| Mobile war | A military strategy, designed to wear the enemy down. A war of attrition. |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed in 1783, this agreement formally ended the American Revolution. |
| de jure | A term meaning by right, according to law. |
| pyrrhic victory | A term meaning that one side wins a battle, but the cost is staggering in both men and supplies. |
| the consent of the governed (the people) | Where does government get its' power, according to the Declaration of Independence? |
| To protect a person's natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness). | Why do governments exist? |
| The British. | Generally speaking, which side did Native Americans (Cherokee) fight on? |
| Tories | What is another name for loyalists (people who supported England during the American Revolution)? |
| The British offered African Americans their freedom. | How did the British get African Americans to fight for them? |
| Battle of Cowpens | Name the battle where American General Daniel Morgan, gets his revenge on British commander Banastre Tarleton. |
| Largest American surrender during the Revolutionary War | Why was the British capture of Charleston in 1780 such a major blow for American colonists? |
| Battle of Fort Sullivan | Name the 1776 battle in South Carolina, where the British attacked a log and sand fort, ensuring that the palmetto tree would be added to the state flag. |
| Battle of Cowpens and the Battle of Kings Mountain | What two battles turned the tide of the American Revolution in South Carolina, to the Patriots? |
Created by:
Kbusby