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African History Quiz
Songhay, Kanem Bornu and the Hausa States
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Principle peoples of Songhay | Do-farmers Gow-hunters sorko-fisherman |
| who is ruler of Songhay? | Sonni Ali |
| where is Songhay located? | along middle Niger river |
| what is the capital of Songhay? | Kukiya |
| what is a major trading town of Songhay that became the new capital | Gao |
| How is Sonni Ali remembered? positive and negative | positive: as a great conqueror and founder of Songhay empire. negative: ruthless tyrant and oppressor. did not practice islam so he attacks other muslims |
| who is founder of Askiya dynasty in Songhay? | Muhammad Ture |
| How are Muhammad Ture and Sonni Ali different | Sonni Ali was a tyrant leader and oppressor. muhammad ture reunited empire under islamic faith and was much nicer. |
| describe government of Songhay | more centralized than Mali. rulers were not hereditary but chosen by king. removal of traditional rulers |
| what is main income of songhay (government revenue) | taxes on trade. tribute from provinces. royal farms |
| Fall of Songhay | 1. weakened power of Askiya (succession of short reigns and disputes). 2. natural disasters (agricultural drought and disease). 3.loss of control of trans saharan trade (shift to kanem bornu). 4. moroccan invasions of 1591 (gold supply from south declines |
| what was the purpose of moroccan invasion on Songhay | moroccans wanted to take control of gold trade |
| when did Sonni Ali die and muhammad ture replace him? | 1492 |
| what did Muhammad Ture use to cement his authority? | Islam and also helped to unite empire |
| jihad | muslims wage a holy war when they feel their religion is under threat |
| who did muhammad ture wage a jihad against? why? | the Mossi because they had not converted to Islam and to make sure the Mossi does not restrict their gold trade with Songhay. and trying to capture slaves. |
| under Ture what became an important center of Islamic learning | Timbuktu |
| why does Ture not force Islam on people? | he does not have traditional authority so he cannot rock the boat. |
| how were government officials appointed under Ture | non traditional, he appointed them instead of being based on hereditary. gave Ture sole power |
| royal farms | located in niger river flood plain. worked by slave labor. feed royal family and govt officials. |
| what are main items of trade in Songhay | Gold, Kola nuts, slaves (Mossi captives) |
| Explain Leo Africanus' description of Timbuktu (people, government) | exceedingly rich city, pleasant and cheerful people, many learned men. governor rides on camel while court rides on horses, fought states that refused to pay tribute. |
| explain leo africanus' description of Gao | muhammad ture's new capital. poor city, lots of black people that buy clothes from n. africa. lots of slaves. goods are very expensive |
| who is morrocan sultan during invasions? what significant weapon did they have | Ahmad al-mansur. muskets - 1st time used in war |
| who does Songhay trade with? what do they trade | muslims of Gao. trade food for salt and cloths from North Africa |
| what are main imports from Afrcia in Songhay | saharan salt from Taghaza. luxury goods. cowrie shells. horses for military use. cloth woven from local sudanese cotton |
| where is Kanem-Borno located? when was it founded | north east of Lake Chad. 900 CE |
| who founded Kanem-Borno | nomadic Kanuri-speaking clans under Saifawa Dynasty |
| factors responsible for rise of Kanem-Borno | 1.raiding neighbors - the Hausa states to the south 2.participation in the trans-saharan trade |
| what are main exports of kanem | ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves |
| what is main import into kamen | horses -used in raiding |
| capital of Kanem Borno | Njimi (location unknown) |
| under what ruler did Kanem reach its peak of power | Mai Dunama Dibalami (1210-1248) |
| what were Mai Dunama Dibalami's accomplishments | built impressive army. extended control over trans-saharan trade. jihad war against the So |
| what spurred rise of Borno | when kanem went into decline, borno begain acting independently and refused to pay tribute |
| reason for decline of Kanem | empire was overstretched. few natural resources. overdependence on personal authority of the Mai. pastures overgrazed. saifawa engaged in dynastic struggle over Kanem by a rival nomad clan, the Bulala |
| advantage of relocation to Borno | access to wider trading network. established profitable trade with Hausa states (salt and horses trade for Akan gold) |
| where did Kanem move their capital to | Borno |
| what did the Mai's heavy taxes on peasants lead to? | internal revolts that Mai's used Jihad to crush |
| how did they dole out taxes in Borno | on a village or family basis |
| what became a major source of revenue in 16th C Borno | customs dues on trade |
| what were Mai Idris Alooma's accomplishments | reuniting Kanem and Borno. importing firearms (Muskets) from N. Africa. modernize the army. made Hausa state of Kano a tributary. emphasized Islamic code of law. Establishd diplomatic relations with ottoman conquerors. trade shfted from songhay to borno |
| Battle of Tondibi | March 15, 1591. Moroccan defeat of Songhay caused demise of Songhay |
| what 2 broad factors helped growth of Kanem Borno | Great army and Great leaders |
| in 16th C what was government like in Borno | more centralized control over Borno, more taxes |
| what happened in 17th and 18th C in Borno (opposite of 16th C wars) | relative peace. center of Islamic learning. Islam spread and Kanuri became dominant language of region. slaves remained major source of revenue |
| Decline of Kanem-Borno | Taureg sultanate of Air asserted its independence. no longer dominated trade of central Sudan . suffered attacks from fulani jihads |
| Hausa emerged as intermarriage of what 2 groups of people (date) | southern Saharan nomads and farmers of northern Nigerian savanna. 1000-1200 |
| Basic political unit of Hausa states | compact walled villages: protection from raids. enclosure of dwelling and cultivable land |
| economic basis of the Hausa states | agriculture, manufacturing, and trade |
| what were the economic specialization of these hausa states (Gobir, Katsina,Kano,zaria) | Gobir-trans saharan trade contacts. katsina-important trading center. kano-crafts and manufacturing. (moroccan leather. dark blue cloth, weaving cotton cloth.) zaria-major supplier of slaves |
| slavery in hausa land (how do you become one, used for) | important institution, used to build and maintain city walls and grow food for urban population. war captives, by debt, orphans. |
| what brought Islam to Hausa land | trading contacts. ruling elites converted in 14th C |
| Decline of Hausa city-states | 1. increased rivalry among city states. 2. rulers overtaxed peasantry to finance wars-revolts. 3. illegally enslaved muslim commoners to sell as slaves |
| islamic law is called what | sharia |
| how did religious leaders fight back the hausa elites enslaving muslim commoners | become familiar with the islamic law. question the corruption of Hausa rulers. jihad revolutions in 19C |
| what is unique about Hausa states | never came together to create a empire. each state has a specialization. important participants in trans saharan trade |
Created by:
simmonsss
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