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Gullett-Physics-Unt1

Physics-Unit1-Sound

TermDefinition
vibration a periodic wiggle in time
wave a periodic wiggle in time and space
mechanical wave wave that requires a medium to travel through
electromagnetic wave wave that does not require a medium to travel through
period the time required for one complete cycle
amplitude the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (mid-point or home) position
wavelength distance between successive troughs, crests or identical portions of a wave
frequency number of crests that pass a particular point in a given time
hertz unit of measurement for frequency. 1 hertz = 1 vibration per second
wave speed speed at which waves pass a particular point
transverse wave wave with vibration at right angle to the direction of the wave, example - light waves
longitudinal wave wave in which the particles in the medium vibrate back and forth in the direction the wave travels, example - sound
interference pattern pattern formed by the overlapping of two or more waves that arrive in a region at the same time
destructive interference when the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another way and the amplitude of the resulting wave amplitudes are smaller or zero
constructive interference when the crests of two waves line up together resulting a higher amplitude
standing wave stationary wave pattern formed in a medium when two sets of identical waves pass through the medium in opposite directions. The wave appears not to be traveling.
doppler effect change in the frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or the receiver.
blue shift an increase in frequency(toward the blue end of spectrum)
red shift a decrease in frequency (toward the red end of the spectrum)
bow wave V-shaped wave produced by an object moving on a liquid surface faster than the wave speed
shock wave cone shaped wave produced by an object moving a supersonic speed through a fluid
sonic boom loud sound resulting from the incidence of a shock wave
pitch the highness or lowness of a tone related to wave frequency
infrasonic sound too low to be heard by humans, waves with a frequency below 20 hertz
ultrasonic sound too high to be heard by humans, waves with a frequency above 20,000 hertz
compression condensed region of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels
rarefaction rarefied (reduced pressure) area of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels
reverberation persistance of sound, as in an echo, due to multiple reflections
refraction bending of sound or any wave caused by a difference in wave speeds
forced vibration the setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force
natural frequency a frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate if it is disturbed and the disturbaing force is removed
resonance the response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency
interference a result of superposing different waves, often of the same wavelength; can be constructive or destructive
beats a series of alternate reinforcements and cancellations produced by the interference of two waves of slightly different frequencies, heard as a throbbing effect in sound waves
acoustics the study of sound properties
Created by: lpgullett
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