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Economics 7
Term | Definition |
---|---|
many buyers and sellers, identical products, informed buyers/sellers, entry/exit | 4 ways for perfect competition |
commodity | product that is the same no matter who produces it |
milk | example of a commodity |
imperfect competition | market structure that does not meet the conditions of perfect competition |
start-up costs | expenses a firm must pay before it can begin to produce and sell goods |
start-up costs | example of barriers to entry |
monopoly | market dominated by a single seller |
patent | license that gives the inventor of a new product the exclusive right to sell it for a certain period of time |
franchise | the right to sell a good/service within an exclusive market |
fast food chains | example of franchise |
license | government issued right to operate a business |
natural monopoly | market that runs most efficiently when one large firm supplies all of the output |
water, gas, electricity | example of natural monopoly |
monopolistic competition | market structure in which many companies sell products that are similar but not identical |
gas stations, retail stores, jeans | example of monopolistic competition |
many firms, few artificial barriers, slight control over price, differentiated products | four conditions for monopolistic competition |
differentiation | making a product different from other similar products |
nonprice competition | a way to attract customers through style, service, or location |
physical characteristics, location, service level, advertising | 4 forms of nonprice competition |
oligopoly | market structure in which a few large firms dominate a market |
70-80% | considered an oligopoly when 4 largest firms produced what percent of output |
Sherman Antitrust Act | outlawed mergers and monopolies that limit trade between states |
standard oil and AT&T | example of monopolies |
merger | combination of two or more companies into a single firm |