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Vocabulary
Chapter 11.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | The Muslim holy city |
| Bedouins | Nomadic herders. |
| Kaaba | An ancient shrine |
| Khadjia | A wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business (Muhammad's first wife.) |
| Quran | The sacred text of Islam |
| People of the book | Jews and Christians |
| Oasis | a fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring. |
| Hijra | Muhammad and his followers journey |
| Monotheistic | Belief in one God |
| Mosques | A gathering house of worship |
| Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Jihad | Effort in God, service, as another duty. |
| Sharia | helped unite many people who converted to Islam. |
| Abu Bakr | Succeeded in reuniting the Arabs/ first successor to Muhammad. |
| Battle of Tours | A remarkable series of military conquests. This is how the Arabs gained more land everywhere, but the French ended up stopping them from advancing any further. |
| Fatima and Ali | Muhammad's Daughter and son-in-law. (Shiites argued that they were the only true successors, because they were related to him. ) |
| Umayyads | A dynasty that ruled Islam(Islamic) until 750. 1st Dynasty |
| Abbassids | Discounted Muslims. (The Abu al-abbas dynasty ruled during this) 2nd Dynasty |
| Harun al-Rashid | Baghdad reached its peak while they were ruling( 786-809) |
| Seljuks | They adopted Islam and built across the Fertile crescent, making it become a large empire. |
| Tamerlane | A mongol leader, he led his army to victory's of Persia and Mesopotamia. |
| Caliph | Successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims. |
| Minaret | Slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer. |
| Muezzin | Mosque official who climbs to the top of a minaret to call the faithful to prayer. |
| Sultan | Muslim ruler |
| Sufi | Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through mediation, fasting, and other rituals. |
| Omar Khayyán | A famous in the Muslim world as a scholar and astronomer. |
| Averroes | A philosopher that put all the knowledge expect the Quran to the test of reason. |
| Muhammad al-Razi | Head physician at Bahadad's chief hospital, he also wrote many books, also he studied the chicken pox and the measles. |
| Avicenna | He was a doctor by age 16. He wrote a huge encyclopedia that had what you needed to do in order to cure people. |
| Social Mobility | Ability to move up in social class. |
| Arabesque | Intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes, used to decorate rugs, textiles, and glassware. |
| Calligraphy | Fancy or stylized handwriting. |
| Sikhism | A new religion started by Nanak he wanted to blend Islamic and Hindu beliefs. Also preaching the unity of God, brotherhood for men, he didn't like the caste system, and thought idol worshiping was dumb. |
| Babur | a military genius, poet, and an author of a fascinating book of memories. |
| Mughal | a dynasty which ruled from 1526 to 1857. |
| Nur Jahan | the wife of Jahangir |
| Taj Mahal | it was a tomb built for Nur Jahan. Jahangir built this for her. Now its the greatest representation of the Mughal Empire. |
| Sultante | landed ruled by a sultan |
| Caste | In traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born. |
| Rajah | elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe in ancient India; local Hindu ruler in India |
| Sinan | A royal architect, a military engineer, and he built Mosque. |
| Isfahan | a center of the international silk trade. |
| Millet | in the ottoman empire, a religious community of non-Muslims. |
| Janizary | Elite force of the Ottoman Army |
| Shah | King |
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LilyKilcrease
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