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ch 5 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Organizing | the function of management that creates the organization's structure. |
organizational design | when managers develop or change the organization's structure. |
work specialization | dividing work activities into separate job tasks; also called division of labor. |
departmentalization | how jobs are grouped together. |
functional departmentalization | grouping activities by functions performed. |
product departmentalization | grouping activities by major product areas. |
customer departmentalization | grouping activities by customer. |
geographic departmentalization | grouping activities on the basis of geography or territory. |
process departmentalization | grouping activities on the basis of work or customer flow. |
cross-functional teams | teams made up of individuals from various departments and that cross traditional department lines. |
chain of command | the line of authority extending from upper organizational levels to lower levels, which clarifies who reports to whom. |
authority | the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect the orders to be obeyed. |
responsibility | an obligation to perform assigned duties. |
line authority | authority that entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee. |
staff authority | positions with some authority that have been created to support, assist, and advise those holding line authority. |
unity of command | the management principle that no person should report to more than one boss. |
power | an individual's capacity to influence decisions. |
span of control | the number of employees a manager can efficiently and effectively supervise. |
centralization | the degree to which decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization. |
decentralization | the degree to which lower-level managers provide input or actually make decisions. |
formalization | how standardized an organization's jobs are and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. |
mechanistic organization | a bureaucratic organization; a structure that's high in specialization, formalization, and centralization. |
organic organization | a structure that's low in specialization, formalization, and centralization. |
unit production | the production of items in units or small batches. |
mass production | large-batch manufacturing. |
process production | continuous flow of products being produced. |
simple structure | an organizational design with low departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. |
functional structure | an organizational structure made up of separate business units or divisions. |
team structure | a structure in which the entire organization is made up of work teams. |
divisional structure | an organizational structure made up of separate business units or divisions. |
matrix structure | a structure in which specialists from different functional departments are assigned to work on projects led by a project manager. |
project structure | a structure in which employees continuously work on projects. |
boundaryless organization | an organization whose design is not defined by, or limited to, boundaries imposed by a predefined structure. |
virtual organization | an organization that consists of a small core of full time employees and outside specialists temporarily hired as needed to work on projects. |
network organization | an organization that uses its own employees to do some work activities and networks of outside suppliers to provide other needed product components or work processes. |
learning organization | an organization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. |
organizational structure | the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act. |
strong cultures | organizational cultures in which the key values are deeply held and widely shared. |