Help
Options
Question
Both males and females are physically capable of learning to cook and sew, yet most Western societies determine that women should perform these tasks. This illustrates the operation of
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
An important element in traditional views of proper “masculine” and “feminine” behavior is fear of homosexuality. This fear, along with accompanying prejudice, is referred to as
Remaining cards (107)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam 3 Intro Socio
Chap 11 - 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Both males and females are physically capable of learning to cook and sew, yet most Western societies determine that women should perform these tasks. This illustrates the operation of | gender roles |
| An important element in traditional views of proper “masculine” and “feminine” behavior is fear of homosexuality. This fear, along with accompanying prejudice, is referred to as | homophobia |
| The most crucial agents of socialization in teaching gender roles in the United States are | parents |
| Research by anthropologist Margaret Mead has shown that | cultural conditioning is the most important factor in determining the social roles of males and females. |
| Which sociological perspective would acknowledge that it is not possible to change gender roles drastically without dramatic revisions in a culture’s social structure? | functionalist perspective and conflict perspective |
| The term sexism is generally used to refer to | male prejudice and discrimination against women. |
| Which of these statements is true? | Women in the United States are more likely than men to attend college. |
| Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles? | functionalist perspective |
| Contemporary feminists recognize the differential treatment of some women not only because of their gender, but also because of their | race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status |
| The sense of sisterhood that became evident during the rise of the contemporary feminist movement resembled the Marxist concept of | class consciousness. . |
| Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales contend that women take the ____________________, emotionally supportive role in the family and that men take the ____________________, practical role, with the two complementing each other. | expressive, instrumental |
| A significant component of the ____________________ approach to gender stratification draws on feminist theory. | confict |
| All the major institutions of our society—including the government, the armed forces, large corporations, the media, universities, and the medical establishment—are controlled by men. This situation is symptomatic of institutional_______ | discrimination |
| Women from all groups and men from minority groups sometimes encounter attitudinal or organizational bias that prevents them from reaching their full potential. This is known as the ____________________ ____________________. | glass ceiling |
| 15. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild has used the phrase ____________________ ____________________ to describe the double burden that many women face and few men share equitably: work outside the home followed by child care and housework. | second shift |
| Within the general framework of their theory, ____________________ sociologists maintain that gender differentiation has contributed to overall social stability. | funtionalist |
| Through the rise of contemporary ____________________, women are developing a greater sense of group solidarity. | feminism |
| ____________________ contributes significantly to rigid gender-role socialization, since many people stereotypically associate male homosexuality with femininity and lesbianism with masculinity. | homophobia |
| The term ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ was coined by feminist theorist Patricia Hill Collins to describe the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor, non-White women. | matrix of domination |
| The author of the pioneering argument for women’s rights, The Feminine Mystique, was ____________________ ____________________. | Betty Friedan |
| Most recent research on ability grouping raises questions about its | effectiveness, especially for lower-achieving students.. |
| Fifty years ago, a high school diploma was the minimum requirement for entry into the paid labor force of the United States. Today, a college diploma is virtually the bare minimum. This change reflects the process of | credentialism. |
| Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis have argued that capitalism requires a skilled, disciplined labor force and that the educational system of the US is structured with that objective in mind. Citing numerous studies, they offer support for what they call | the correspondence principle |
| The teacher-expectancy effect is most closely associated with | the interactionist perspective |
| Which of the following sociologists stressed the social impact of religion and was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? | Emile Durkheim |
| A Roman Catholic parish church offers services in the native language of an immigrant community. This practice is an example of | the integrative function of religion. |
| The use of a church, primarily Roman Catholic, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society is referred to as | liberation theology |
| The Adam and Eve account of creation found in Genesis, the first book of the Old Testament, is an example of a religious | belief |
| Which of the following is not an example of an ecclesia? | the Episcopal Church in the United States |
| John Calvin, a leader of the Protestant Reformation, emphasized | a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, a rational orientation to life |
| In the past, the integrative function of education was most obvious through its emphasis on promoting a common ______________________ . | language |
| Schools perform a variety of ______________________ functions, such as transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, and maintaining social control. | latent |
| Sociologist ______________________ ______________________ points out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to information, to hold more diverse opinions, and to possess the ability to make subtle distinctions in analysis. | Robin Williams |
| The ______________________ encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, as compared to the ______________________ , which includes the ordinary and the commonplace. | sacred, profane |
| Religion defines the spiritual world and gives meaning to the divine. These are ______________________ functions of religion. | manifest |
| ______________________ is the largest single faith in the world; the second largest is ______________________ . | Christianity, Islam |
| Because they are ______________________ , most religions tend to reinforce men’s dominance in secular as well as spiritual matters. | patriarchal |
| The single largest denomination in the United States is ______________________ ______________________ . | Roman Catholicism |
| Unlike ecclesiae and denominations, ______________________ require intensive commitments and demonstrations of belief by members. | sects |
| A ______________________ ______________________ is an experimental school that is developed and managed outside the public school system. | charter school |
| Which two basic types of economic system distinguish contemporary industrial societies? | capitalism and socialism |
| According to the discussion of capitalism in the text, which of the following statements is true? | a. The means of production are held largely in private hands. b. The main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. c. The degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity will vary. |
| G. William Domhoff’s model is an example of a(n) | elite theory of power. |
| In terms of voter turnout, the United States typically ranks | lowest among industrialized nations |
| What are the three basic sources of power within any political system? | force, influence, and authority |
| Which of the following is not part of the classification system of authority developed by Max Weber? | pluralist authority |
| According to C. Wright Mills, power rests in the hands of the | power elite |
| The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is called | deindustrialization. . |
| Sociologists and labor specialists foresee a workforce increasingly composed of | a. women. b. racial minorities. c. ethnic minorities. |
| Currently, ______________________ ______________________ refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. | affirmative action |
| The principle of ______________________ ______________________, as expounded and endorsed by the British economist Adam Smith, was the prevailing form of capitalism immediately following the Industrial Revolution. | laissez-faire |
| Under ______________________, the means of production and distribution in a society are collectively rather than privately owned, and the basic objective of the economic system is to meet people’s needs rather than to maximize profits. | socialism |
| ______________________ is an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made based on people’s ability to produce. | Communism |
| ______________________ theorists point out that while pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy of the United States, competition is much more restricted than one might expect in what is called a free enterprise system. | Conflict |
| Some capitalist nations, such as the United States, outlaw ______________________ through antitrust legislation. | monopolies |
| The elite model of political power implies that the United States has a(n) ______________________ as its form of government. | oligarchy |
| Sexism has been the most serious barrier to women interested in holding public office. To remedy this situation, many countries have adopted ______________________ for female representatives. | quotas |
| ______________________ is the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. | Influence |
| The United States is commonly classified as a(n) ______________________ ______________________, because the elected members of Congress and state legislatures make our laws. | representative democracy |
| Advocates of the ______________________ model suggest that competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant. | pluralist |
| Which sociologist developed the concept of the sick role? | Talcott Parsons |
| Regarding health care inequities, the conflict perspective would note that | emigration out of the Third World by physicians is yet another way that the world’s core industrialized nations enhance their quality of life at the expense of developing countries. |
| Which one of the following nations has the lowest infant mortality rate? | Sweden |
| Compared with Whites, Blacks have higher death rates from | a. heart disease. b. diabetes. c. cancer. |
| Which theorist notes that capitalist societies, such as the United States, care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers? | Karl Marx |
| Which program is essentially a compulsory health insurance plan for the elderly? | Medicare |
| Which of the following is a criticism of the sick role? | judges may be due to gend,age,socialclass, ethnic group. more applicable to those exp short illness than those w/ longterm, even simple factors as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect the persons williness to assume the sick role. |
| Which of the following terms do conflict theorists use in referring to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control? | medicalization of society |
| Which of the following approaches stresses the alignment of environmentally favorable practices with economic self-interest? | ecological modernization |
| Conflict theorists would contend that blaming developing countries for the world’s environmental deterioration contains an element of | ethnocentrism |
| A ____________________ ____________________ studies the effects of social class, race and ethnicity, gender, and age on the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health across a population. | social epidemiologist |
| From a(n) ____________________ perspective, “being sick” must be controlled so as to ensure that not too many people are released from their societal responsibilities at any one time. | functionalist |
| The immigration to the United States and other industrialized nations of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries is known as the ____________________ ____________________. | brain drain |
| Traditionally, the relationship between doctors and nurses has paralleled ____________________ dominance of the larger society. | male |
| Sociologists find it useful to consider ____________________ rates because they reveal that a specific disease occurs more frequently among one segment of a population compared with another. | morbidity |
| The system of reimbursement used by Medicare has contributed to the controversial practice of “____________________,” under which patients whose treatment may be unprofitable are transferred by private hospitals to public facilities. | dumping |
| As defined by the World Health Organization, ____________________ is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” | health |
| The biologist ____________________ ____________________ blames environmental degradation primarily on technological innovations such as plastics and pesticides. | Barry Commoner |
| Regarding environmental problems, four broad areas of concern stand out: ____________________ pollution, ____________________ pollution, ____________________ ____________________, and ____________________. | air, water, global warning, globalization |
| ____________________ ____________________ is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards. | Environmental justice |
| You are a student and do not own a car. All your close friends who are attending your college or university have vehicles of their own. You feel downtrodden and dissatisfied. You are experiencing | relative deprivation |
| It takes more than desire to start a social movement; it helps to have money, political influence, access to the media, and workers. The ways in which a social movement uses such things are referred to collectively as | resource mobilization |
| Karl Marx held that leaders of social movements must help workers overcome feelings of | false consciousness |
| Organized collective activities that promote autonomy and self-determination, as well as improvements in the quality of life, are referred to as | new social movements |
| The text cites which of the following as a recognized definition of social change? | a significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture |
| Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by | Charles Darwin |
| According to Talcott Parsons’s equilibrium model, during which process do social institutions become more specialized in their purposes? | adaptive upgrading |
| Which of the following statements regarding Karl Marx is not true? | Marx accepted Parsons’s equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained. |
| Which of the following terms did William F. Ogburn use to refer to the period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions? | culture lag |
| Which sociological perspective sees transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? | functionalist |
| ____________________ ____________________ are organized collective activities to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society. | Social Movements |
| A person suffering from relative deprivation is dissatisfied because he or she feels downtrodden relative to some appropriate ____________________ group. | reference |
| Early evolutionary theorists concluded in a(n) ____________________ fashion that their own behavior and culture were more advanced than those of earlier civilizations. | ethnocentric |
| Talcott Parsons used the term ____________________ to refer to the increasing complexity of social organization. | differentiation |
| Social economist Thorstein Veblen coined the term ____________________ ____________________ to refer to those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change. | vested interests |
| The term ______ refers to those who are wary of tech innovations, and who question the incessant expansion of industrialization, the increasing destruction of the natural and agrarian world, and the “throw-it-away” mentality of contemporary capitalism. | neo-luddites |
| In 2001, one mon after the attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the ______ Act, which relaxed existing legal checks on surveillance by law enforcement officers. Fed agencies are now free to gather data elect, including CC receipts and banking records. | Patriot |
| The ____________________ is the world’s largest computer network. | internet |
| In developing countries, ____________________ ____________________ are a less expensive way of furthering agriculture than biotechnology. | cell phones |
| The ____________________ perspective would stress the danger that the most powerful groups in a society will use technology to violate the privacy of the less powerful. | conflict |
| Define Resource mobilization | The ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel. (396) |
| Define Culture lag | A period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. (403) |
| Define Elite model | A view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests. (352) |
| A _________ is An immigrant who sustains multiple social relationships that link his or her society of origin with the society of settlement. (411) | Transnational |
| An ________ (plural, ecclesiae) is a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. | ecclesia |
| Marx accepted the________ argument that societies develop along a particular path. | evolutionary |
| Marx _______ Parsons’s equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained. | DID NOT |
| Define Matrix of domination | The cumulative impact of oppression because of race and ethnicity, gender, and social class, as well as religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status. (266) |
Created by:
aiur100