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Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eliminates indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces | defacation |
| is the passage of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract through the mucosal cells by active or passive transport into the blood or lympth | absorption |
| involves a series of catabolic steps in which enzymes secreted in the lumen of the alimentary canal breaks down complex food molecules to their chemical building blocks | digestion |
| is simply taking food into the digestive tract, usually via the mouth | ingestion |
| moves food through the alimentary canal, includes swallowing and peristalsis | propulsion |
| initiated voluntarily | swallowing |
| involuntarily process | peristalsis |
| increases the surface area of ingested food, physically preparing it for digestion by enzymes | mechanical breakdown |
| breaking down food into smaller particles so that can more easily be produced by the digestive system | mechanical digestion |
| breaking down food through chemical reactions | chemical digestion |
| the passage of material formed by a cell to its exterior | secretion |
| is the continuous muscular tube that winds through the body from the mouth to the anus | alimentary canal(GI tract) |
| are the teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and a number of large digestive glans, the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas | accessory digestive organs |
| organs that contribute to the digestive process but not part of the alimentary canal | accessory digestive organs |
| produce a variety of secretions that help break down foodstuff | accessory digestive organ |
| the tongue and teeth are in the | oral cavity(accessory digestive organ) |
| the digestive glands and gallbladder lies, connected by ducts | outside the GI tract(accessory digestive organ) |
| takes in food, breaks it down into nutrient molecules, absorbs these molecules into the bloodstream and then rids the body of the indigestible remains | digestive system |
| definition of chewing | mastication |
| definition of swallowing | deglution |
| semifluid, creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice | chyme |
| a rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing, any soft round mass (ball) | bolus |
| greenish or yellow fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released in the small intestine | bile |
| the innermost layer, membrane that forms the lining of body cavities open to the exterior, moist epithelial membrane that lines the alimentary canal lumen from mouth to anus | mucous membrane |
| functions in secretion, absorption, and protection | mucous membrane |
| the four main layers of the digestive system are | the mucosa, submucosa, serosa and muscularis |
| is areolar connective tissue containing a rich supply of blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers, which supply the surrounding tissues of the GI tract wall | submucosa |
| its abundant elastic fibers enables the stomach to regain its normal shape after temporarily storing a large meal | submocosa |
| it surround the submucosa, responsible for segmentation and peristalsis | muscularis externa, muscularis |
| has an inner circumlar layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells | muscular externa |
| the outermost later of the intraperitoneal organs, is the visceral peritoneum | serosa |
| formed of areolar connective tissue covered with mesothelium, a single layer of squamous epithelial cells | serosa |
| the mouth is also called what, buccal cavity, only part of the alimentary canal involved in ingestion | oral cavity |
| chew food and mix it with saliva containing enzymes that begin the process of digestion | oral cavity |
| begins the propulsive process of swallowing, which carries food through the pharynx and esophagus of the stomach | oral cavity |
| consist of the mouth pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus | alimentary canal |
| produced by the three pairs of salivary glands, lubricates and dilutes the chewed food | saliva |
| secretion of the salivary glands, cleanses and moistens the mouth and begins chemical digestion of starchy foods, contains amylase | saliva |
| functions in cleanses the mouth, dissolve food chemicals so that they can be tasted, moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus | saliva |
| is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simplier compounds | salivary amylase |
| most what is produced by major or extrinsic salivary glands that lie outside the oral cavity | saliva |
| the salivary glands are composed of two types of secretory cells | the serous and mucous |
| muscular tube from extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus, cone shape | pharynx |
| food passes posteriorly into the orpharynx and the larygopharynx, both common passageways for what | food, fluids and air |
| the history of the pharyngeal will resemble that of the what | oral cavity |
| contractions of these muscles propel food into the esophagus, prevent air from being swallowed, filter air | pharynx |
| is a muscular tube extending from the larynxpharynx through a diaphragm to join the stomach; collapses when not involved in food propulsion | esophagus |
| after the food moves through the larynxpharynx, the epigolottis closes of the larynx to incoming food | esophagus |
| temporarily reservoir in the GI tract where chemical breakdown of proteins begins and food in converted into chyme | stomach |
| the stomach lies in the upper left quadrant of the | peritoneal cavity |
| stores food and regulates the movement of food into the small intestine | stomach |
| food enters where gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid that breaks down food | stomach |
| secretes acids and enzymes that digest food | stomach |
| convulated tube extending from the pyloric sphrincter to the ileocecal valve where it joins the large intestine, the site where digestion is completed and virtually all absorption occurs | small intestine |
| food is acted on by various enzymes from the small intestine and pancreas and by what from the liver | bile |
| the three subdivisions of the small intestine are | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| job is to absorb most nutrients by what we eat and drink | small intestine |
| first part of the small intestine | duodenum |
| terminal part of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cerum of the small intestine | ileum(12ft) |
| the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum | jejunum(8ft) |
| curves and surrounds the head of the pancreas, the shortest, most features, 25 cm(10 inches) | duodenum |
| are accessory organs associated with the small intestine | liver and gallbladder |
| lobed accessory organ that overlies in the stomach, produces bile to help digest fat, and serves metabolic and regulatory functions | liver |
| sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage | gallbladder |
| produce bile for export to the duodenum | liver |
| fat emulsifier that breaks down fats into tiny particles to make them more readily digestible | bile |
| storage organ for bile | gallbladder |
| processes nutrient-laden venous blood delivered to it from the digestive organs | liver |
| thin walled green muscular sac | gallbladder |
| stored bile that is not immediately needed for digestion and concentrates it by asorbing some of its water and ions | gallbladder |
| a soft, tadpole shaped gland that extends across the abdomen from its tail to its head | pancreas |
| accessory organ produces enzymes that breaks down all categories of foodstuffs | pancreas |
| gland located behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum; produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions | pancreas |
| contributes water to dilute the chime and bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid from the stomach | pancreas |
| nutrients are absorbed through the walls of | small intestine |
| the amino acids and simple sugars derived from proteins and carbs are absorbed directly into the | blood |
| food is voluntarly placed in the oral cavity | ingestion |
| voluntary (buccal) phase of deglutition(swallowing) initiated by tongue, propels food into pharynx | propulsion |
| most of what are absorbed into the lymph by the lacteals, which are eventually added to the bloodstream | fats |
| all what enter the hepatic portion vein to be routed to the liver for decontamination. | nutrients |
| small fingerlike projections, greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall | villi |
| portion of the digestive tract extending from the ileocecall valve to the anus; includes the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal caval | large intestine |
| absorb most of the remaining water from indigestible food residues | large intestine |
| store the residues temporarily, eliminate them from the body as semisolid feces | large intestine |
| absorbs metabolites produced by resident bacteria as they avidly ferment carbs not absorbed in the small intestine | large intestine |
| reasorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food | large intestine |
| the blind-ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine | cecum |
| attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum, blind wormlike | appendix |
| plays a role in body immunity, serves as a storehouse of bacteria and recognizes the gut when needed | appendix |
| LI, travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity to the level of the right kidney | ascending colon |
| remove the water and other key nutrients from waste materials and recycle it back into the body | colon |
| absorption of nutrient building blocks by villi | small intestine |
Created by:
Phole101