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Gross Anatomy 2

Heart

QuestionAnswer
This side of the heart receives poorly oxygenated blood from the body through the Superior Vena Cave (SVC) and Inferior Vena Cave (IVC) and pumps it to pulmonary trunk Right heart
This side of the heart receives well-oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the aorta for distribution to the body Left heart
How many chambers does the heart have? 4
Name the chambers 1. Right and left atria 2. Right and left ventricles
What does the Atria "do"? The atria is the receiving chamber; pumps blood into the ventricles
What does the Ventricles "do"? The ventricles are the discharging chambers
What are the layers of the heart wall? Endocardium (thin internal layer) Myocardium (thick, comprised of cardiac muscle) Epicardium (thin external layer)
What is the function of the Fibrous Skeleton of the heart? 1. keeps orifices open and prevents over-distention 2. attachment site for valve leaflets and cusps 3. attachment for myocardium 4. forms an electrical "insulation" between the atria and ventricles
The fibrous skeleton is composed of dense collagen that forms? 1. 4 fibrous rings that surround the valve orifices 2. Right and left fibrous trigone (connections between the rings) 3. Membranous parts of the interatrial and interventicular septa
What is the external demarcation between the atria and ventricles? Coronary Sulcus (Atrioventricular Groove)
What is the external demarcation between the right and left ventricles? Anterior and Posterior Interventricular Sulci
What shape does the heart look like from Anterior or posterior view? Trapezoidal
What is directed anteriorly and to the left of the heart? Apex
What is opposite of the apex, facing mostly posteriorly? Base
The heart has how many sides? 4
The Apex of the heart is formed by? inferolateral part of the left ventricle
The Apex of the heart lies posterior to the? 5th intercostal space in adults ~9cm from the median plane
Does the Apex remain motionless during cardiac cycle? Yes
What is the heart's posterior aspect called? Base of the heart
The base of the heart is formed by? mainly by the left atrium (plus a little bit of right atrium)
The base of the heart faces posteriorly toward which vertebral bodies? T6-T9
The left atrial portion receives ______________ on its right and left sides pulmonary veins
The right atrial portion receives _______________ on its superior end Superior Vena Cave
The right atrial portion receives _______________ on its inferior end Inferior Vena Cave
Surface of the heart: formed mainly by the right ventricle Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface
Surface of the heart: formed mainly by the left ventricle and partly by the right ventricle; it is related mainly to the central tendon of the diaphragm Diaphragmatic (Inferior) surface
Surface of the heart: formed mainly by the right atrium Right Pulmonary Surface
Surface of the heart: formed mainly by the left ventricle; it forms cardiac impression in the left lung Left Pulmonary Surface
Which border of the heart is slightly convex; formed by the right atrium and extends between the SVC and IVC? Right Border
Which border of the heart is nearly horizontal; formed mainly by the right ventricle and slightly by the left ventricle? Inferior Border
Which border of the heart is oblique; nearly vertical; formed mainly by the left ventricle and slightly by the left auricle? Left Border
Which border of the heart is formed by the right and left atria and auricles in an anterior view? Superior Border
Ear-like conical muscular pouch that projects from the right atrium; overlapping the ascending aorta Right Auricle
Anterior of the Right atrium: What is the Sinus Venarum? Smooth, thin-walled posterior portion located of openings of SVC, IVC, and Coronary sinus
At what Costal cartilage are the SVC and IVC located at? SVC @ Right 3rd costal cartilage IVC @ Right 5th Costal cartilage
Composes the rough, muscular anterior wall of the right atrium Pectinate Muscle
The opening through which blood passes from the Right atrium to the Right ventricle Right AV Orfice
What is between the right AV Orifice and the IVC Orifice? Opening of the Coronary Sinus
Interatrial Septum: The fetal opening between the atria Foramen Ovale
Interatrial Septum: The remnant of the foramen ovale Fossa Ovalis
Shallow vertical groove that externally separates the smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall Sulcus Terminalis
Vertical ridge that internally separates the smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall Crista Terminalis
Of the Right ventricle: aka infundibulum, superior, tapered, smooth, arterial cone that leads into the pulmonary trunk = outflow portion Conus Arteriosus
Of the Right ventricle: irregular muscular elevations on the walls of the ventricles = inflow portion Trabeculae Carneae
Of the Right ventricle: thick muscular ridge that separates the inflow and outflow portions (i.e., smooth vs. ridged) Supraventricular Crest
What is the opening allowing inflow part of the right ventricle to receive blood from the right atrium Right Atrioventricular Orifice (AV; Tricuspid)
Where is the Right Atrioventricular Orifice located (which intercostal spaces?) Located @ 4th and 5th intercostal spaces
This is formed by three valve cusps whose bases are attached to the fibrous ring and also guards the Right AV Orifice Tricuspid Valve
What are the tendinous cords that attach to the free edges of the AV valve cusps Chordae Tendineae
What are the conical muscular projections of the ventricular wall Papillary Muscles
What are the 2 main functions of the papillary muscles 1. prevent prolapse as ventricular pressure increases 2. prevents regurgitation of blood (backwards flow)
How many papillary muscles are in the Tricuspid valve 3: Anterior, Posterior, and Septal Papillary muscles
What is the portion between the right and left ventricles - forms part of the walls of each Interventricular Septum (IVS)
What are the 2 parts of the interventricular Septum (IVS) Muscular and membranous
The muscular portion of the IVS forms what? forms the majority of the septum
The membranous portion of the IVS is part of the ______ Part of the fibrous skeleton; thin membrane superiorly and posteriorly
What structure is also called the Moderator band Septomarginal Trabecula
What structure is from the inferior part of IVS to the base of the anterior papillary muscle ---> traverses the right ventricle Septomarginal Trabecula
What is the "function" of the Septomarginal Trabecula? acts as a shortcut that carriers part of the right AV bundle branch (~part of the heart's conducting system) = coordinates contractions of the anterior papillary muscle
This structure deflects the incoming blood from the right atrium into the main cavity of the ventricle Supraventricular crest
This structure is located at the apex of the conus arteriosus Pulmonary Valve
At what costal cartilage is the pulmonary valve located Located @ the level of the left 3rd costal cartilage
What chamber has the pairs of right and left pulmonary veins that enter the posterior wall Left atrium
This structure overlaps the root of the pulmonary trunk Left auricle
Why does the left ventricle performs more work than the right ventricle? Due to higher arterial pressure in the systemic vs. pulmonary circulation
In the left ventricle, this structure is finer and more numerous than in the right ventricle Trabeculae Carneae
Smooth-walled, non-muscular, supero-anerior outflow part; leads to the aortic orifice and aortic valve Aortic Valve
aka the bicuspid valve or left AV valve; double-leaflet valve that guards the left AV orifice Mitral Valve
This structure is located in the right posterosuperior part of the left ventricle Aortic Orifice
The ascending aorta begins here Aortic Orifice
What structure resembles a bishop's miter? (headdress or hat) Mitral (Mitral valve)
What structure is located between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta Aortic Valve
What structure is located posterior to the left side of the sternum @ the level of the 3rd intercostal space Aortic valve
Created by: Treez10
 

 



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