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social studies lol
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did people first reach America? | On the land bridge connecting Northeastern Asia and North America |
| What was the name of the land bridge that connected Asia and North America? | Beringia |
| Why did people cross the land bridge? | To chase food |
| Why can't we be completely sure when the first americans came to America? | Because they didn't write back then (pre-history) |
| culture | The way people live (Arts & Literature, religion, language, government, social organization, and customs and traditions) |
| archaeology | The study of evidence left by early peoples |
| Where did the Iroquois live? | Present day NY- in the eastern woodlands near water |
| What kind of house did the Iroquois have? | Longhouses- 150 ft long, 20 ft wide, 12 families per longhouse |
| What are the 5 Iroquois Nations? | Cayuga, Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida |
| Why was the League of Iroquois created? | The alliance was created to solve problems and settle disputes between the nations |
| Where did the Incas live? | 2,500 miles along the west coast of South America (coastal deserts, lowland jungles, highlands of the Andes) |
| How did the Incas farm? | They used their engineering skills, creating stone walls that kept rain from washing away the soil |
| What was the Incan emperor called? | Sapa Inca |
| How did the Incan civilization worship the sun god? | By building temples and decorating them |
| Where did the Mound Builders live? | In eastern North America from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi Valley |
| Who were the best known Mound Builders? | The Hopewells and the Mississippians |
| What were mounds used for? | First used for burials but later used for religious ceremonies |
| Who were the Native Americans of the Great Plains? | Hunters and farmers, in groups such as Blackfoot, Crow, Dakota, Cheyenne, Osage, Commarche, and Mandan |
| How did the Native Americans of the Great Plains get food? | They planted corn, beans, squash, sunflowers and hunted buffalo, antelope, elk, deer, and bighorn sheep on foot |
| What homes did the Native Americans of the Great Plains use? | Built some homes out of chunks of thickly matted grass but mostly used buffalo hides to make teepees (cone-shaped tents) |
| Why did the Native Americans of the Great Plains use teepees? | They used teepees so they can take them with them when they go hunting after animals |
| Where did the Cherokees/Natchez live? | In the southeastern region of North America with a warm, moist climate |
| How did the Cherokees/Natchez get food? | By hunting, fishing, and farming along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico |
| What were the Cherokees/Natchez social classes? | 1. Great Sun- worshipped as a god 2. Little Sun- Great Sun's family members 3. Nobles 4. Honored People 5. Stinkards-commoners (majority of the people) |
| What homes did the Native Americans of the Northwest use? | They made homes out of cedar trees nearby |
| How did the Native Americans of the Northwest get food? | They gathered rich harvests of fish |
| What is a potlatch? | A ceremonial dinner a family holds to show off their wealth. It can last for many days, where the family gives gifts to guests and expects them to hold a potlatch and give them gifts in return |
| Where did the Inuits live? | On frozen seas and icy, treeless plains in the arctic region of Canada |
| What kinds of houses did the Inuits have? | Pit houses- dug into the ground & covered in wood/skins Igloos- made out of ice/snow |
| Why did the Inuits use seal fur for their parkas and boots? | Seal fur repels water so they wear it in order to stay dry |
| Where did the Anasazis live? | In the four corners region where Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet |
| What kind of food did the Anasazis eat? | Planted crops on land above cliffs, ate corn, squash, and beans |
| What kind of house did the Anasazis live in? | They lived in houses known as pueblos, which are large houses with walls of stone and adobe |
| What is adobe? | Sun-dried brick |
| Why were the Anasazis also known as cliff dwellers? | They were known as cliff dwellers because they built their homes on steep cliffs in order to avoid attacks |
| Where did the Aztecs live? | Around Lake Texcoco in Mexico |
| What was the Aztec capital? | Tenochtitlan |
| Why was Tenochtitlan special? | It was special because it had causeways that linked the capital to the mainland |
| What god did the Aztecs believe in? | They believed in the Sun God, and thought that each day the sun God battled across the heavens |
| How did the Aztecs worship their god? | They believed that the Sun God needed human sacrifices in order to rise each day so they sacrificed thousands of captives |
| What was the Columbian Exchange? | The exchange of ideas, cultures, and goods between America and Europe |
| During the Columbian Exchange, what did Europe give America? | Diseases, animals (horses), wine, and spices |
| During the Columbian Exchange, what did America give Europe? | Crops, seeds, gold, and farming methods |
| What was the Northwest Passage? | A passage through North America to get to China |
| John Cabot | From Italy, sailed for England, and found Newfoundland |
| Giovanni de Verrazano | From Italy, sailed for France, went from the Carolinas to Canada |
| Jacques Cartier | Sailed for France, discovered the St. Lawrence River |
| Henry Hudson | From England, sailed for the Dutch/English |
| Who did Samuel de Champlain sail for? | France |
| What was Samuel de Champlain looking for? | A french settlement in North America |
| What did Samuel de Champlain find? | Port Royal-french settlement in North America Quebec-a trading post |
| Who did Juan Ponce de Leon sail for? | Spain |
| What was Juan Ponce de Leon looking for? | A fountain of youth |
| What did Juan Ponce de Leon find? | Florida |
| Who did Ferdinand Magellan sail for? | Spain |
| What was Ferdinand Magellan looking for? | Western water routes to Asia |
| What did Ferdinand Magellan find? | He found western water routes to Asia by going around South America (circumnavigate) |
| Who did Bartolomew Dias sail for? | Portugal |
| What was Bartolomew Dias looking for? | A sea route around Africa to Asia |
| What did Bartolomew Dias find? | Found the southern tip of Africa (originally named it Cape of Storms, but king of Portugal changed it to Cape of Good Hope) |
| Who did Vasco de Gama sail for? | Portugal |
| What was Vasco de Gama looking for? | A route around Africa to Asia (same as Dias) |
| What did Vasco de Gama find? | He found the route and made it to Asia |
| Who conquered the Aztecs? | Hernando Cortes |
| Who was the emperor of the Aztecs and what did he do to Hernando Cortes? | Moctezuma was the emperor, and he welcomed the Spanish as guests because he thought they were gods |
| How did the Aztecs fall? | Cortes imprisons Moctezuma for 6 months and kick him out |
| Who conquered the Incas? | Francisco Pizarro |
| How did the Incan empire fall? | Pizarro captures and later executes their emperor, Atahualpa, in 1532, and by 1535 he controlled most of the Incan empire |
| What was the name of the corporation that began to run Holland's colony of New Amsterdam in 1624? | The Dutch West India Company |
| How many people settled in the first colony in New Amsterdam? | 110 people |
| In 1626, how many African slaves arrived in New Amsterdam from Angola? | 11 african slaves |
| Why were Native American slaves switched with African slaves? | Because Native American slaves kept dying |
| Who bought the island of Manhattan for the Dutch? How much did he pay? | Peter Minuit bought it for 60 gilders |
| What was the main goal of the Dutch in New Amsterdam? | To make money, mainly from beaver, otter, and Mink skins |
| Why was 1643 known as "The Year of the Blood"? | Because many slaves and settlers were killed |
| Why was Peter Stuyvesant hired to lead the colony of New Amsterdam? | He was hired because too many people were drinking, people didn't attend church, the population was declining, and there was low morale, so he needed to fix it and bring order to the colonies |
| What were some of the laws passed by Stuyvesant soon after he took control of New Amsterdam? | No alcohol on Sunday, no knife fights in public, no fornication with Native Americans, fines for speeding on broadway, and fines for missing church |
| Why was a wall built from the East River to the Hudson River? | To keep out hostile Indians and the English |
| How did Peter Stuyvesant act when Jews moved to New Amsterdam? | He wanted to kick them out so he created a petition to get rid of them because they weren't christian |
| How come England was able to take over New Amsterdam on August 27, 1664 without fighting the Dutch? | The Dutch surrendered because England was too powerful, and the majority of the citizens didn't care who ruled |
| What did England rename New Amsterdam and why? | New York, in honor of the Duke of York |
| Where was the colony of Roanoke located? | On an island off the coast of North Carolina |
| What were some problems the colony of Roanoke faced? | Low food supply, no gold, problems with native americans |
| How many colonists did John White leave behind during the second attempt at rebuilding the colony of Roanoke? | 117 |
| What happened to the 117 colonists John White leaves behind in Roanoke? | White finds the settlement completely abandoned with the word "Croatoan" carved into a tree |
| Why was Roanoke known as the Lost Colony? | Because it was found completely abandoned, and still no one knows what happened |
| When was Jamestown founded? | 1607 |
| John Smith | Made Jamestown successful |
| How did the colony of Jamestown become wealthy? | By growing and selling tobacco, introduced by John Rolfe |
| What kind of government did Jamestown establish? | Representative government (House of Burgesses) |
| What hardships did the Jamestown settlers face? | Disease (Malaria spread by mosquitoes), starvation, disorganized government, fighting with Native Americans, and bad drinking water |
| Who founded Plymouth? | Pilgrims who sought religious freedom |
| Mayflower Compact | Agreement signed by the Pilgrims before going ashore that agreed to work together to make the Plymouth colony succeed |
| What were the New England Colonies? | Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire |
| Who founded Massachusetts? | Puritans |
| John Winthrop | First governor of Massachusetts |
| Great Migration | Movement of Puritans frrom England to Massachusetts |
| Sabbath | Holy day of rest for Puritans |
| Who founded Connecticut? | Thomas Hooker |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Plan of government that gave the vote to all men who owned property, and limited the governor's power |
| Who founded Rhode Island? | Roger Williams |
| Who had the right to vote in Rhode Island? | All white men |
| Who had religious freedom in Rhode Island? | Protestants, catholics, and jews |
| Religious tolerance | willingness to let others practice their own beliefs |
| What were the Middle Colonies? | New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware |
| Who founded Pennsylvania | William Penn |
| Why was Pennsylvania also known as a "Holy Experiment"? | Because it had a lot of religious freedom |
| Melting Pot | Many different cultures blend together- a lot of diversity |
| Quakers | Most despised religious group who belieed everyone was equal, paid for Native American land, and were pacifists |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | German-speaking protestants in Pennsylvania |
| Cash Crop | Crop sold for money at the market |
| Who owned New Jersey? | Lord Berkely |
| Proprietary colony | King gave land to people in return for a yearly payment |
| Royal colony | A colony under direct rule of the English crown |
| How was Delaware created? | Pennsylvania's Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware |
| Patroons | Owners of huge estates |
| Why were the Middle Colonies known as the Breadbasket colonies? | Because they had/sold a surplus of grain (wheat, barley, rye) |
| What were the Southern Colonies? | Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia |
| Who founded Maryland? | Sir Calvert, who later died and gave it to Lord Baltimore |
| Who did not have any religious freedom in Maryland? | Jews |
| Act of Toleration | Provided religious fredom for all Christians in Maryland |
| Which colony had the most slaves? | South Carolina |
| Who founded Georgia? | James Oglethorpe |
| Who was Georgia founded for? | Debtors |
| Why was Georgia known as a "Haven for debtors"? | Because it gave debtors a clean slate and a fresh start |
| Indigo | Plant used to make blue dye |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Uprising caused by Nathaniel Bacon where colonists atacked Native American villages in and around Virginia |
| Mason-Dixon Line | Boundary between the Middle and Southern Colonies |
| Mercantilism | Having a favorable balance of trade to make as much money as possible |
| What makes a favorable balance of trade? | Exports > Imports |
| Navigation Acts | Laws put in place to make sure England benefited from colonial trade |
| Triangular Trade | Trade routes between 13 colonies, West Indies, Africa, and England |
| --The American Struggle for Independence-- | |
| Who were on the French side during the French and Indian War? | The Algonquins, Hurons, and Spanish |
| Who was on the British side during the French and Indian War? | The Iroquois |
| What did the French and British fight over which caused the French and Indian war? | The Ohio River Valley |
| When does the French and Indian war begin? | 1754 |
| Fort that George Washington builds, but later becomes a failure | Fort Necessity |
| Why was it important that the British capture Quebec? | Because it was the capital of New France, which give supplies to the other forts around it |
| Albany Congress | Meeting of delegates from 7 colonies |
| What was the Albany Congress's'd's goal? | To cement the alliance with the Iroquois and plan a united defense |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | Proposed by Ben Franklin to create one government to raise taxes and set up an army |
| Why was the Albany Plan of Union rejected? | It was rejected because colonial leaders do not want to lose power and they know what their colony needs more than others do |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed in 1763, France loses power + land in North America, Britain takes over Canada + land east of the mississippi river (except New Orleans), and spain gets Louisiana from France |
| Pontiac's Rebellion | In spring 1763 Native Americans attacked British forts + settlements. Showed the British government that defending western land was too difficult. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Quartering Act | 1764- colonists had to give British trops supplies and quarter |
| Stamp Act | In 1765 Britain taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, and dice |
| Townshend Acts | In 1767 Charles Townshend taxed glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea |
| Writs of Assisstance | Search warrants used to enter homes or businesses to find smuggles goods. Upset many colonists |
| Sons/Daughters of Liberty | Secret group to protest British policies |
| How did the Sons and Daughters of Liberty protest British taxes? | By using violence, tar and feathering, boycotts, and committees of correspondence |
| Why did the colonists not like being taxed? | Because they believed they shouldn't be taxed if they don't have a representative in Parliament (No taxation without representation) |
| Crispus Attucks | Man that was shot during the Boston Massacre |
| Boston Massacre | In 1770 a mob threw snowballs at redcoats- they fired back and 7 civilians were killed |
| Boston Tea Party | Men disguised as Mohawks destroyed tea aboard British ships |
| Intolerable Acts | Were sent as punishment for the Boston Tea Party; brought in more soldiers and blocked the British harbor |
| When did the First Continental Congress meet? | In 1774 |
| What was the plan of the First Continental Congress? | 1. Voted to stop all trade with Britain until Parliament canceled the Intolerable Acts 2. Began preparing troops for possible fighting 3. Agreed to meet again if necessary |
| --Shot heard 'round the world-- | a |
| s | s |
| What was the name of the petition sent by the second continental congress to king george? | Olive Branch Petition |
| Commander of the Continental Army | George Washington |
| Patriot advantages during the American Revolution | Home-field advantage,determined to defend homes/property, George Washington (people person) |
| Patriot disadvantages during the American Revolution | Poorly organized, untrained, no navy, few cannons, little gunpowder |
| British advantages during the American Revolution | Highly trained/experienced army, best navy in the world, more supplies |
| British disadvantages during the American Revolution | News/supplies took a long time to arrive, risk of constant attacks, less reasons to fight hard |
| Who won the battle of Bunker Hill? | The British (after 3 tries) |
| Blockade | Shutting of a port to keep supplies from moving in or out |
| Common sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince the colonists to support independence from Great Britain |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| The Declaration of Independence was adopted on | July 4th, 1776 |
| When did the battle of Long Island take place? | August 1776 |
| How many Americans were killed, captured, or wounded in the battle of Long Island? | 1400 |
| Who won the battle of Long Island? | The British |
| When did the battle of Trenton take place? | Christmas, 1776 |
| Why did Washington cross the Delaware on Christmas night? | To launch a surprise attack on the British |
| Who won the battle of Trenton? | The Patriots |
| Hessians | German mercenaries |
| When did the battle at Princeton take place? | January 1777 |
| What happened at the battle at Princeton? | The British tried a surprise attack on the Patriots, but fail and the Patriots seize them |
| Who won the battle at Princeton? | The Patriots |
| When did the battle of Saratoga take place? | October 1777 |
| Who won the battle of Saratoga? | The Patriots |
| Why was winning the battle of Saratoga so important for the Patriots? | They would become allies with the French, and get more supplies and a navy |
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asscheeks
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