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Ch. 9 The Brain HAP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| protective membranes around the central nervous system | meninges |
| How many layers of meninges are there around the CNS? | 3 |
| Name the 3 layers of meninges around the CNS. | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| middle layer; thin and weblike with no blood vessels | arachnoid mater |
| outer tough layer | dura mater |
| filled with cerebrospinal fluid | subarachnoid space |
| inner, very thin with nerves and blood vessels | pia mater |
| Where does the spinal cord begin? | foramen magnum |
| Where does the spinal cord end? | between 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae |
| How many segments of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| The enlarged regions of the vertebrae are located in the | cervical and lumbar regions |
| Deep anterior median that divides spinal cord in half: | fissure |
| Shallow posterior median that divides the cord in half: | suicus |
| gray unmyelinated matter in center | interneurons |
| white myelinated matter on outside | nerve fibers |
| central canal of the spinal cord is filled with: | CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) |
| Functions of the spinal cord: | conducts nerve impulses; center for spinal reflexes |
| Where do axons of nerves carry nerve impulses? | brain |
| Where do axons of nerves carry motor impulses? | from brain to muscles or glands |
| What are the names of the 2 nerve tracts? | Ascending and descending |
| Where does the reflex arc pass through? | spinal cord |
| How many parts is the brain divided into? | 4 |
| What is the largest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
| Name the four major parts of the brain. | cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum |
| What are functions of the cerebrum? | Interprets sensory impulses, voluntary muscle movement, Mental functions (intelligence/personality), memory, reasoning |
| The cerebrum is divided into L and R hemispheres connected by what? | corpus callosum (dense nerve fibers) |
| dense nerve fibers | corpus callosum |
| separates L and R hemisphere | longitudinal fissure |
| separates cerebrum from cerebellum | transverse fissure |
| divide each hemisphere of the brain into lobes | sulci |
| This is the dominant hemisphere in 90 % of the population. | Left hemisphere |
| The frontal lobe controls: | writing, analyzing, memorization, reasoning, verbalization, emotions, judgement, etc. |
| The parietal lobe controls: | sensations |
| The temporal lobe controls: | hearing |
| The occipital lobe controls: | vision |
| This is deep within the lateral sulcus and controls taste and smell. | insula |
| thin layer of gray matter covering the outermost portion of the cerebrum | cerebral cortex |
| matter that makes up the majority of the interior cerebrum | white matter |
| connects parts of the nervous system; regulates visceral activities; has 3 sections | brainstem |
| between diencephalons and pons | midbrain (visual and auditory reflexes) |
| rounded bulge on underside of brainstem; separates midbrain from medulla oblongata; regulates peripheral and high brain centers and regulates rate and depth of breathing | pons |
| extends from pons to foramen magnum of the skull; regulates visceral activity: cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory systems/reflexes like cough, sneeze, etc. | medulla oblongata |
| nerve fiber network wakes cerebral cortex so it can interpret sensory impulses; injury to this area leads to comatose state (unconsciousness) | reticular formation |
| controls coordination of voluntary muscular movements | cerebellum |
| connect cerebellum to the rest of the CNS | cerebellar peduncles |
| List the types of cerebellar peduncles | inferior (sensory impulses) , middle (body position) , superior (motor impulses) |
| site of regulation of water balance and body temperature | hypothalamus |
| contains reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brain stem centers | pons |
| responsible for the regulation of posture and coordination of skeletal muscle movements | cerebellum |
| important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation | thalamus |
| contains autonomic centers, which regulate blood pressure and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing and sneezing centers | medulla oblongata |
| large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres | corpus callosium |
| connects the third and fourth ventricles | cerebral aqueduct |
| encloses the third ventricle | thalamus |
| forms the cerebrospinal fluid | choroid plexuses |
| midbrain area that is largely fiber tracts; bulges anteriorly | cerebral peduncle |
| part of the limbic system; contains centers for many drives (rage, pleasure, hunger, etc.) | hypothalamus |
| outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue | dura mater |
| innermost covering of the brain; delicate and vascular | pia mater |
| middle menial layer; like a cobweb in structure | arachnoid mater |
| its outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull | dura mater |
| How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? | 12 |
| How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? | 5 |
| How many pairs of sacral nerves are there? | 5 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the cord? | 31 |
| How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? | 8 |
| The organs of the central nervous system are the ______ and the _______. | brain and spinal cord |
| The outer membrane covering the brain is composed of fibrous connective tissues and is called the _____. | dura mater |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found between the _______. | pia mater and the arachnoid mater |
| Meningitis is most likely to involve inflammation of the _______. | arachnoid mater and pia mater |
| A series of four interconnected cavities located within the cerebral hemisphere and brain stem are the ______. | Ventricles |
| The spinal cord ends ______. | between lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2 |
| There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves. | 31 |
| Has sensory, motor, and association areas; the outer gray area of the cerebrum | cortex |
| The part of the brain that controls emotions in the brain stem (medulla oblongata) is the ______. | Limbic system |
| A non-vital control center located in the brain stem (medulla oblongata) is the _____. | sneezing center |
| The part of the brain that controls arousal and wakefulness is the _____. | Reticular formation |
| The relay station that receives all sensory impulses except smell is the ____. | Thalamus |
| The _____ produces emotional reactions of fear, anger, and pleasure. | limbic system |
| The area of the brain that contains control centers for vital visceral functions is the ______. | medulla oblongata |
| The peripheral nervous system has two divisions, the _____ nervous system and the ______ nervous system. | Somatic/ Automatic |
| The nerve fibers that carry motor impulses to smooth muscle structures causing them to contract and to glands causing them to secrete are ____. | General visceral efferent fibers |
| There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves; all but 1 of these arise from the _____ ______. | 12; brain stem |
| T or F? White matter speeds up everything. | True |
| a sudden involuntary movement; not learned | reflex |
| Happiness and anger is controlled by what system? | Limbic system |
| What is the limbic system made of? | thalamus |
| found between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater | cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) |
| Part of the brain that maintains stable ionic concentration | CSF |
| What structure connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle? | cerebral aqueduct |
| Which general area functions your personality, memory, intelligence? | cerebrum |
| Which lobe of the brain controls your writing and speech? | frontal |
| Which area of the brain maintains your homeostasis? | hypothalamus |
| Which lobe of the brain is used for vision? | occipital |
| What part of the brain regulates breathing? | pons |
Created by:
carolinec1996