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OTA 104 first quiz
brain injury and neuropsychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| brain injury, causes | – Blow to head (MVA, assault) – Lack of oxygen (drowning) – Lack of blood (cardiac arrest, stroke) – Infection (abscess) – Accumulation of blood-ruptured artery – Lack of direct blow to head - whiplash |
| Types of injuries:Laceration | deep cut |
| Types of Injuries:Contusion | bruise, |
| Types of Injuries:Hemorrhage | bleeding |
| Types of Injuries:Diffuse Axonal Injury | shaken brain |
| What is muscle weakness called? | peresis |
| What is weakness one 1 side of the body? | hemiplegia |
| What are paralyzed muscles called? | plegia |
| What is increased tone called? | spasticity |
| Difficulty planning movements? | apraxia |
| Difficulty coordinating movements? | ataxia |
| What are some pychosocial problems caused by TBI? | Personality • Frustration tolerance • Irritability • Emotional lability • Mood swings • Aggressive outbursts • Lack of interest in others • Selfishness (self centered) • Anxiety • Depression • Sexual disinhibition |
| Other Concerns related to TBI | • Driving • Alcohol • Sex • Adjustment |
| What does the CNS consist of? | – brain and spinal cord |
| What is a neuron? | a nerve cell. Transmits nerve impulses |
| What are Dendrites? | part of a neuron. tree like structures that that receive impulses from the synapse and take them to the cell body |
| How do neurons communicate? | neuro-transmitters |
| describe an Axon? | single, long cable |
| describe the synapse? | site of contact where NT is passed between neurons |
| Myelin | fatty white insulating substance that surrounds the axon of a neuron |
| Cerebral Cortex | thin gray matter about the size of a formal dinner napkin covering the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. thought, perception and memory and serves as the seat of advanced motor function, social abilities, language, and problem solving |
| • Left & Right Hemispheres | left hemi controls right side of body and vice versa |
| • Corpus Callosum | bridge between r and l hemispheres |
| Left Hemisphere does? | Comprehension & production of speech, language, reading, writing, calculation skill • Conscious, rational • Oriented to past, present, future • Logical, conservative, goal oriented |
| Right Hemisphere | Copying, Drawing, Judging size & distance of objects • Artistic, Creative thinking processes • Unconscious, dreamlike • Spontaneous, emotional, artistic |
| Frontal lobes do what? | Motor behavior & consciousness • Contributes to judgment, organization, planning, reasoning, personality, motivation, inhibition of behaviors. • Develops most after birth |
| When frontal lobes are Damaged we see what? | – Disorders of movement – Apraxia – Hemiplegia • Difficulty Inhibiting behavior • Attentional problems • Behavioral inflexibility & perseveration • Socially inappropriate |
| Parietal Lobes do what? | Processes sense of touch • Light touch, deep pressure, combination • Visual spatial information – recognize objects as same • Helps to read maps, describe how to get somewhere |
| Damage to parietal lobe? | Impaired or loss of sensation • Clumsiness to carry out actions • Contra-lateral neglect • Language problems (alexia, aphasia) • Difficulty math • Memory • Visual spatial abilities – drawing assembling objects |
| Temporal Lobes Functions? | Interprets senses of hearing, taste, smell • Perception visual patterns (faces) • Understand language • Store & retrieve sensory information • Labels experiences positive, negative neutral |
| Damage to temportal? | • Auditory sensation & perception • Language disturbances • Attend auditory, visual stimuli • Impaired memory • Sexual behavior changes • Emotional experience • Personality |
| Occipital Lobes Functions? | • Process information from eyes • Specializes in brightness, darkness, perception of edges |
| Damage to occipital causes? | Loss of vision proportional to amount of injured tissue • “cortical blindness” |
| What are some Cognitive Problems caused by brain injuries? | • Disorientation • Memory • Attention & Concentration • Information Processing • Perceptual Skills • Spatial, Constructional Problems • Speech & Language • Awareness, Insight |
| What are some Executive fxns that are made difficult due to TBI? | • Goal setting • Planning • Organization • Self-Initiation • Self Evaluation & Monitoring • Flexible Problem solving |
Created by:
andijean1
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