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Ch.4 Vocab. Gov.

TermDefinition
Federalism A constitutional arrangement whereby power is divided between national and subnational governments, each of which enforces its own laws directly on its citizens and neither of which can alter the arrangement without the consent of the other.
confederation Constitutional arrangement by which the national government is created by and relies on subnational governments for its authority.
intergovernmental relations Network of political, financial, and administrative relationships between units of the federal government and those of state and local governments.
laboratories of democracy A reference to the ability of the stated to experiment and innovate in public policy.
delegated (enumerated) powers Powers specifically mentioned in the constitution as belonging to the national government.
Necessary & Proper Clause Grants Congress the power to enact all laws "necessary and proper" for carrying out those responsibilities specifically delegated to it.
implied powers Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution as belonging to Congress but inferred as necessary and proper for carrying out enumerated powers.
National Supremacy Clause Declares the constitution and laws of the national government as "the supreme law of the land" superior to the constitutions and laws of the states.
concurrent powers Powers excised by both the national government and the state governments in the American federal system.
reserved powers Powers not granted to the national government and specifically denied to the states.
grants-in-aid Payment of funds from national government to state or local governments of from state government to local government for a specified purpose.
block grants Federal grants to a state or local government for general government functions.
categorical grants Federal grants to a state or local government for specific purposes or projects
devolution Passing down of responsibilities from the national government to the states.
mandate direct federal orders to state and local governments requiring them to perform a service or to obey federal laws in the performance of their functions.
unfunded mandate Mandates that impose costs on state and local governments without reimbursement from the federal government.
Created by: Cole1722
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