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ECE 3 Pathway Test
topics for preparation for Pathway Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the types of Child Care? Describe. | Hourly-per hour for a few hrs/day Montessori- kids learn how to learn,explore materials with freedom, few limits. Head Start- provided for 4-5 yr olds from low income family Preschool-part time, skills for K Home Care-at caregiver home Daycare Center |
| Characteristics of a quality child care program | Clean, safe, organized, age appropriate materials, positive behavior management, well trained staff, well maintained and equipped. |
| Types of Child Abuse | physical-intentional physical injuries verbal-harsh, demeaning hateful words emotional-abuse of self concept sexual-forcing a child to watch or participate in sex acts neglect-ignoring the needs of children |
| What are risk factors? (which increase the likeliness of abuse) | homelessness, poverty, poor neighborhood, single parenting, abuse (all kinds), crime, etc. |
| Possible signs of abuse and neglect. | extreme shyness or refusal to socialize, bruises, burns or other marks, inappropriate clothing for current weather, sudden changes in personality and behavior, etc. |
| Process for reporting suspected child abuse. | immediate contact of a Counselor, Social worker or Family and Children organization. |
| Responses to possible signs of abuse or neglect. | Notify proper person or Department of Family and Children's Services |
| What is the Liability of Child Care Centers ? | Child care centers and schools are inherently responsible for any harm, physical or otherwise that occurs while a child is in their care or supervision. |
| Important Attributes of a childcare professional | Patience, love of children (enjoys playing and being with children), kindness, responsible/reliable, knowledgable/experienced |
| Managing personal well being while on the job | Maintaining professionalism at all times, putting children's needs first. |
| What are professional organizations | Associations such as NAEYC that help professionals in a common industry maintain current job related knowledge and ethics. |
| Responsibilities of a Child Care Teacher | keep children safe, provide instruction and activities to nurture learning and development, provide nutritious snacks, facilitate children's acquisition of self control and social and emotional competence |
| Careers in Child Care | Teacher, Daycare Director, Preschool administrator, Pediatrician, Counselor, Social Worker, Child Therapist, etc. |
| Public School's Early Childhood Program | Early Intervention Program: allows early testing of children as young as 2 to help diagnose learning disabilities to offer help and support before public school would usually be available |
| Child focused support organizations | There are many organizations that help support parents, teachers and other who work with children |
| Define Communication for Child Care teachers and staff | Any intentional or unintentional information shared with parents or families of students. Can be written, spoken, electronic or other. |
| Methods of communication with staff and children | Written, spoken in person, spoken by phone, newsletter, bulletin board, website, phone tree, social media, letter, conference, etc. |
| Guidelines for Promoting Good Health | promote wellness, encourage healthy behaviors and establish safe and supportive environments |
| Factors needed for communicable illness transmission | the infectious agent, the reservoir, route of exit, mode of transmission, route of entry, and the susceptible host. |
| How does cross contamination occur? | when bacteria from one food item are transferred to another food item, |
| What diseases are prevented by immunization? | Chickenpox, Diphtheria, Haemophilus, Influenza Type B Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Influenza, Measles. |
| Describe the importance of frequent hand washing in an ECE environment. | Personal wellness as well as avoiding spread of germs to surfaces, other teachers and children. |
| Demonstrate how to properly wash hands | Water on, add soap, wash all surfaces for 2 minutes, dry with disposable paper towels, turn off water with paper towels, open door with paper towels, throw away paper towels. |
| Techniques to avoid cross contamination | continuous hand washing, thorough cleaning of cutting boards, knives, and other surfaces, etc. |
| How do we care for a sick child? | Isolate, check for fever, allow rest, keep hydrated. Encourage children who are sick to remain at home until illness symptoms are clear. |
| List causes of stress in children. | Family disharmony, Lack or proper nutrition, abuse, neglect, residence moves, illness or loss of family member, etc. |
| List symptoms of stress in children. | negative changes in behavior, negative changes in academic performance, inability to concentrate, defiance, becoming angry very easily, sudden emotional outbursts. |
| What should we do/not do to manage children and families who are coping with stress? | offer support, be positive and encouraging, do not presume to solve. |
| Define Health as it relates to children. | A healthy child is indicated by physical, mental and social well-being. |
| Describe precautions/procedures for emergencies. | Always provide full supervision & Remain calm and assess the situation. Be sure the situation is safe for you to approach, a responsible adult should stay at the scene, send word to person designated to handle emergencies, and call EMS as needed. |
| Be able to recognize incorrect responses to emergencies. | avoid causing further damage or trauma by using procedures above... |
| Playground safety precautions and procedures. | Stay Alert & Attentive. Stay involved with the children playing, observe all children. Being Aware of Age Appropriate Equipment. Evaluate the playground for potential hazards that could cause serious injuries to children. Watch for foreign objects such |
| Responses to playground situations involving safety | Keep an eye out for any unsafe behavior Teach children the safety rules of the playground When Inappropriate Behavior Occurs. Warn children verbally about inappropriate behavior; Intervene as needed to prevent injury. Enforce rules firmly and consisten |
| Identify transportation safety precautions and procedures. | Safety in loading, unloading Be vigilant in behavior/discipline Don’t succumb to distraction Maintain accountability Give safety tips |
| Guidelines for safe toys for infants, toddlers, and a two year old. | Notice age recommendations, inspect toys often and regularly, throw away and replace any toys that pose any danger |
| Evaluate a toy for infants, toddlers and a two year old. | Notice size, weight, material, edges, etc. |
| Responses to to situations involving hazards for child care facilities. | The events for which the emergency plan will be activated. How and when the facility will use the evacuation scenarios (e.g., shelter-in-place, lockdown, and/or evacuation). The shelter sites (on-site and off-site) that the facility will use. If you care |
| Define emergency | Any circumstance that threatens the physical or other well being of any child, teacher or staff member at a school or day care center. |
| List safety objectives for child care centers | ★ Supervise the children at all times. ★ Maintain at least the minimum adult-child ratio ★ Develop safety limits. ★ Provide a safe environment. ★ Practice fire safety. ★ Develop plans for weather emergencies. ★ Know emergency procedures for acciden |
| Describe and understand child care safety policies. | Being aware of and prepared for any threat that might be harmful to children and planning for those events |
| Ways to promote safety in child care centers | Thoroughly training staff, effectively educating and communicating with families of children, helping the children themselves practice safety and awareness of any danger. |
| Major Child Development theorist and theories. | Psycho analytic (Freud) behavior influenced by subconscious Psycho social (Erickson) interaction with others is formative Cognitive Development (Piaget) development through stages |
| Define developmental stages from infancy through school age. | Newborn: Birth to 1 mo, Infant: 1 mo - 1 year, toddler: 1-3 years, Preschooler: 3-5 years, School age: 5-12 years |
| What are the roles of heredity vs. environment in child development? | Both have significant impacts: heredity can not be controlled, environment can be controlled |
| How can we evaluate the development of young children? | Development can be: observed, measured by assessments, nurtured through teaching, etc. |
| Recall Observation of children to witness examples of types of development. | think back to experiences in preschool and internship... |
| Types of play | 1.Unoccupied play 2.Solitary play 3.Onlooker play: 4.Parallel play 5.Associative play: 6.Cooperative play 7. Pretend play |
| Importance of play in child development | Play allows children to grow and develop skill in all areas of development. |
| Define assessment. | asking or allowing children to evidence knowledge and skill in order to determine knowledge or ability |
| Why would be observe children and record behavior? | Observations and records kept are an important tool when determining student progress and providing needed support |
| Criteria for appropriate assessment. | Assessments must be developmentally appropriate (the child is able to complete them) and be observable behaviors that demonstrate the intended knowledge or skill |
| Importance of studying and understanding child development | Understanding child development can help teachers know why children might be struggling in a certain area or behaving in a certain way so that support can be provided. |
| How to development levels (of children)affect behavior and guidance | At various ages, depending on ability to understand and express themselves, child may experience frustration and be prone to giving up. Knowledge of teachers can help student continue to work and move forward even in difficult situations. |
| How do "styles" of care giving affect children? | Children adapt to their environment, and will become |
| What factors cause discipline problems in children? | Stress, Illness, Abuse, Learning disabilities, and many others. |
| What is the difference between positive and negative behavior reinforcement? | Positive reinforcement rewards for good behavior, Negative behavior reinforcement punishes bad behavior |
| What is the difference between direct and indirect guidance? | Indirect guidance does not require on time interaction with the child, direct guidance is on the spot and often requires physical contact or intervention |
| How should rules and limits be set? | With current ability of the child to understand and comply with expectations. |
| What techniques are part of effective guidance? | Practices that help children develop self-control, cooperation and form strong relationships with others |
| What are some methods of dealing with inappropriate behavior? | holding, removal from activity or lesson, time out, redirection, modeling, etc. |
| How(When) should we state expectations for children's behavior? | In advance whenever possible. |
| What are some methods of communicating with children? | Verbally, face to face, by room arrangement, directly, indirectly, etc. |
| What considerations should we make when caring for children with exceptional needs, gifts, and talents | Children should each be seen as individuals with different backgrounds, personalities, abilities and limitations. |
| What are some challenges children with special needs must manage? | Has poor auditory memory, high frustration level, poor self-esteem, easily destractable, difficulty controlling emotions, easily confused, difficulty working with others, difficulty following directions, poor coordination & handwriting skills. |
| What rights to special needs children have by law? | To have a free and appropriate education, to attend classes with regular education peers as much as possible, to be protected and educated. |
| What methods might we use when working with children with exceptional needs? | Exceptional children need to be accommodated to give them the same opportunity for success as their peers. Changes to how a lesson is taught or to the product expected can aid in this task. |
| What methods might we use when working with children who are talented or gifted? | Planning thoroughly, expecting more than usual, encouraging and at times keeping a bit of realism in the picture. |
| How do children who have special needs or talented or gifted impact others? | They influence, inspire and otherwise add dimension to the lives of those they touch. |
| What are "developmentally appropriate" guidelines for working with children who have special needs? | taking into consideration |
| Why would teachers keep records of children's activities, difficulties or performance? | In order to recognize any concerning patterns of behavior, abilities or shortfalls in activities, etc. |
| What information would appear on a daycare "child record card"? | date and times of: feedings/snacks/meals, diapering, naps, clothing changes, accidents or boo boo's, etc. |
| What information would appear on a child's attendance record? | All late arrivals with explanation, check outs with explanations, absences with any excused explanations, etc. |
| How can caregivers and teachers encourage positive "parent-child care giver/teacher " relationships? | being open and friendly, communicating often, accurately and positively, allowing parents opportunities to be involved, etc. |
| What are the methods of communication with parents | Face to face, phone, email, newsletter, parent teacher conference, report cards or other written items that can be sent home. |
| What is the importance of maintaining PERSONAL wellness when working with children? | Teachers and Caregivers must be in good health in order to be effective in their professional role. |
| What are the factors of PERSONAL wellness? | o Behavioral: weight, smoking, alcohol/drug use, diet, activity level o Mental/emotional: outlook o Social: having strong personal relationships o Spiritual:a sense of purpose in life o Environmental: air pollution o Economic: living conditions, etc |
| What issues involve wellness management? | Identify risk and assess health status Support a total health strategy and promote continuity of care Take action through coaching and education Provide useful interactive tools to support a healthy lifestyle |
| What is the purpose of a teacher of young children having a Code of Ethics? | to help guide behavior and answer any questions of practice and communication. |
| What are the key points of the NAEYC Code of Ethics? | an obligation to the safety & well being as well as the learning & development of children, along with an obligation to respect privacy of children & their families, our colleagues, our school and our community. |
| What are the GOALS of the Head Start program? | provide to low-income children and their families health, educational, nutritional, social and other services that are determined to be necessary for school readiness |
| How should we as professionals respond to situations that involve ethics violations? | with discretion, immediately informing those who need to know to stop the violation or mitigate the damages. |
| What is the importance of Continuing Professional Development for teachers and child care givers? | to maintain up to date knowledge and researched best practices in the best interest of the children we serve |
| What is the purpose of "SELF Evaluations" for teachers and child care givers? | To constantly improve knowledge and performance |
| What methods can be used for self evaluations? | recording performance to be viewed later, asking experienced colleagues to watch and give feedback, |
| How would you develop a Personal Development Plan from a self-evaluation? | Looking at the areas that do not indicate proficiency or excellence, a teacher can analyse methods for increasing skill in that area and learn about best practices to improve futture perfomance |
| What would a career portfolio contain? | A history of related experience, a resume, cover letter, letter of recommendation, reference sheet, proof of skills and knowledge, etc. |
| What are the research requirements for the CDA (Child Development Associate) and the CCP (Certified Childcare Professional)? | Step 1: Earn Approved Educational Training - a high school diploma or equivalent. 120 hours of educational training in early childhood education,. Step 2: Gain Work Experience 480 hours working with children Step 3: Receive Formal Observation Step 4: |
| What is a professional development resource? | A professionally accepted guide of what is needed to reach a particular goal for being hired, admitted to school, or otherwise qualify as a child care student or for a job opening. |
| Define Developmentally Appropriate | choosing curriculum, lessons, activities and materials based on what children are able to do cognitively, physically, socially and emotionally at a given age |
| What are guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practice | Actively monitoring and choosing lessons and activities that are within a reasonable reach of the children participating based on physical, intellectual, social and emotional development level. |
| How can we offer "anti-bias" learning centers? | Assure that toys, games, materials are gender neutral, representative of multiple diverse factors, allowing equal time to all children for play in any role they choose. |
| What are developmentally appropriate practices related to Ages and Stages? | Knowing what a child is capable of at each respective age in order to guide what they are expected to know and be able to do |
| How can you determine if a children's book is Developmentally Appropriate? | By the difficulty of the words, word count per page, size and thickness of pages, type and number of pictures, etc. |
| Number of hours needed to apply for an entry level early childhood position | 120 |
| Indirect Guidance | using room arrangement, labeling and classroom routines to guide children |
| Direct Guidance | becoming physically involved to prevent injury or to avoid danger (example: lifting a child to the floor if on a table) |
| Theorist: Sigmund Freud | believed that adult difficulties of all kinds are rooted in experiences during childhood (example: oral fixation) |
| Theorist: Jean Piaget | believed that children learn and develop in distinct stages |
| Theorist: B. F. Skinner | believed that future behavior is dictated by consequences of past behavior |
| Theorist: Howard Gardner | believed in multiple intelligence, there are 8 types. believed that all children have some type of intelligence |
| Solution commonly used to disinfect surfaces | 1 part bleach, 9 parts water, spray on and wipe down. |
Created by:
lisa.bates
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