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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| industrialism | a system based on the use of machines rather than on animal or human power |
| Agricultural Revolution | sweeping changes in farming, helped industry to take root in Great Britain, started in the 1700s with the enclosure movement. |
| enclosure movement | began when Parliament in Great Britain allowed large landowners to fence off common lands, combining small strips of land that had been rented to farming families in the past. |
| textile | woven cloth |
| crop rotation | rotating crops on fields to keep soil fertile so that more crops can be grown. |
| domestic system | also known as “cottage industry”, merchants went from cottage to cottage, bringing sheep wool to workers who spun and wove the wool into cloth (textile) using hand-powered spinning wheels and looms,. |
| factory system | textile merchants built factories near rivers and streams to power their machines with water power, starting the factory system, a method of production that brought machines and workers together in one place. |
| urbanization | the movement of people from rural areas to cities. |
| monopoly | when one business or group controls an entire industry, eliminating competition. |
| zaibatsu | Japanese government and industrialists |
| industrial capitalism | a system based on the industrial production of goods, created a new industrial middle class, operated on the basis of free enterprise where individuals or private businesses controlled production instead of the government. |
| partnership | involves two or more entrepreneurs (people who invest money to earn a profit). |
| corporation | organizations owned by stockholders who buy shares in a company. |
| trade union | began to form in the late 1800s and early 1900s, workers with the same skill would unite to improve wages, benefits, working conditions, and worker rights. |
| strike | when workers refuse to work in order to force factory owners to talk with them. |
| socialism | the belief that society, represented by the government, should own and control factories, land, capital and raw materials that are needed for production. They felt competition in business hurt society more than it helped it. |
| means of production | factories, land, capital and raw materials that are needed for production |
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