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Week 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sphincter | Circular (ring-like), skeletal muscle at the end of an organ, that constricts or dilates. |
| Peristalsis | Pushes the food through the stomach and contributes to the rumbling of an empty stomach. Series of wave-like contractions of smooth muscles. |
| Carnivore | Meat eaters. |
| Testes | Male gonads. They produce male reproductive cells and sex hormones. They develop in the abdominal cavity before birth, after birth they descend through slits in the abdominal muscles, called inguinal rings, into the scrotum. |
| Monogastric | An organism that has a simple single-chambered stomach. |
| Rumen | The first stomach of a ruminant, which receives food or cud from the esophagus, partly digests it with the aid of bacteria, and passes it to the reticulum. |
| Omnivore | Eats food of both plant and animal origin. |
| Epididymis | A long tube, that lies along the surface of the testes. Sperm (spermatozoa) are stored here until ejaculation. |
| Uniparous | Producing a single young at a birth. Examples: horse, cow, human |
| Herbivore | Feeds on plants. |
| Abomasum | Fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the true stomach. |
| Cystocentesis | Surgical puncture with a syringe into the urinary bladder, usually to collect urine. |
| Proestrus | First phase in estrous cycle. Follicles begin developing and growing. Output of estrogen increases accordingly. Linings of the oviduct, uterus and vagina thicken. Vaginal epithelium begins to cornify; forms layer of keratin on it's surface. |
| Vomiting | Also known as emesis. Forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. |
| Multiparous | Producing more than one young at a birth. Example: cat, dog, pig |
| Induced Ovulator | Animals in which the ovum is released only after copulation. Animal ovulates due to an externally derived stimulus during, or just prior, to mating, rather than ovulating cyclically or spontaneously. |
| Estrus | Period of the estrous cycle in which female is receptive to the male. Estrogen level peaks. Ovulation occurs near the end of estrus in some species. |
| Regurgitation | Return of swallowed food into the oral cavity; a passive event compared with the force involved with vomiting. |
| Polyestrous | Having more than one estrous or heat cycle per year. Example: cattle and swine |
| Diestrous | A period of sexual inactivity between recurrent periods of estrus. Corpus luteum at maximum size and exerting maximum effect. |
| Anestrus | Final phase in estrous cycle. Period of temporary ovarian inactivity. Seem in seasonally polyestrus, diestrous and monoestrous animals. Ovary temporarily shuts down. |
| Parturition | The act of giving birth. Also called labour. |
| Gram Stain | The most important staining procedure in microbiology. It's a differential stain. |
| Elisa Test | Uses components of the immune system and chemicals to detect immune responses in the body. Involves an enzyme. It also involves an antibody or antigen. |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - anticoagulant |
| Sodium Citrate | Anticoagulant (Blue Top Tube) |
| Sodium Heparin | Anticoagulant (Green Top Tube) |
| Alveoli | Tiny thin walled sacs which are surrounded by elastic fibers and capillaries. Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
| Creatinine | A compound that is produced by metabolism of creatine and excreted in the urine. |
| Pharynx | The cavity in the caudal oral cavity, that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal system. Also called the throat. |
| -crine | to secrete; separate |
| -dactyl/o | fingers; toes |
| Dif- | apart, separation |
| Gloss/o | tongue |
| Hist/o | tissue |
| Asthma | Chronic allergic disorder |
| Dystocia | Difficult birth |
| Urolithiasis | Disorder characterized by the presence of urinary bladder stones. |
| Canine Parvovirus | Highly contagious infection in canines that is associated with severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and leukopenia. |
| Constipation | Condition of prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, making the stool hard, dry and difficult to pass. |
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