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Term | Definition |
---|---|
Friedrich Nietzsche | 19th century philosopher who emphasized importance of irrationality and impulse |
Albert Einstein | he claimed only truly measurable thing in the universe was the speed of light--everything else was relative |
Sigmund Freud | he claimed human behavior is the result of constant tension between the RATIONAL conscious self AND the IRRATIONAL, instinctual, primitive unconscious |
Expressionism | style of art that sought to capture the inner feelings of the subject |
Vincent van Gogh | expressionist; The Starry Night |
Pablo Picasso | founder of cubism |
Charles Darwin | applied positivism (science and objectivity) to human origins |
social Darwinism | theory that applied Darwin’s idea of “survival of the fittest” or natural selection to human groups |
Herbert Spencer | he took Darwin's idea of "survival of the fittest" and applied it to "superior" and "inferior" human groups |
positivism | philosophy that said science provided knowledge and that emphasized the rational |
Auguste Comte | "father" of positivism |
relativism | idea that there is no scientific, rational truth |
realism | artistic movement that drew attention to ordinary people (real life) and to social problems in industrial age |
Emile Zola | realist writer who wrote J'Accuse and Germinal |
Charles Dickens | realist writer who drew attention to social problems of industrial London |
Gustave Courbet | realist artist who painted The Stone Breakers |
Claude Monet | first impressionist; painted Water Lilies and Haystacks |