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Ch 5 Vocab Quiz
Term | Definition |
---|---|
civil liberties | basic freedoms guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
civil rights | guarantees of equal rights and equal treatment under the law, such as trial by jury and voting rights |
Equal Protection Clause | a clause in the Fourteenth Amendment declaring that no state may deny “equal protection of the laws” to any person within that state |
libel | publishing false information about someone with intent to cause harm |
slander | orally spreading false information about someone with intent to cause harm |
symbolic speech | conduct that conveys a message without spoken words |
warrant | a document issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement officers to carry out a search, seizure of evidence, or arrest |
probable cause | reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior |
self-incrimination | statements, usually made under oath, suggesting that the person speaking is guilty of a crime |
double jeopardy | the prosecution of a person a second time for a crime for which the defendant has already been tried once and found not guilty; prohibited under the Fifth Amendment |
Taking Clause (eminent domain) | a clause in the Fifth Amendment that prohibits the government from taking private property for public use “without just compensation” |
bail | money given over to a court in exchange for a criminal suspect's release from jail until his or her trial begins |
capital punishment | the imposition of the death penalty on a person by the state |
Incorporation | the process by which the Supreme Court applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment |
Prior Restraint | an attempt by government to prevent the publication or broadcast of material considered harmful |