formerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972.

Prime Minister of India (r. 1966–1977, 1980–1984); daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru; dominated Indian politics for several decades.

president of Philippines (r. 1986–1992).

one of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence (1947); committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy.

Prime Minister of Pakistan, (r. 1988–1990, 1993–1996).

an approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life.

food or industrial crops with a high demand in industrialized economies; their prices tend to fluctuate widely.

industrialized nation’s continued dominance of the world economy, despite the absence of direct political control over the non-industrialized world.

member of the Free Officers Movement who seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup; became leader of Egypt; formed a state-directed reforming regime; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956; most reforms were unsuccessful.

Free Officers movement

military nationalist movement in the 1930s; often allied with the Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952.

Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world.

successor of Nasser as Egypt’s ruler; dismantled Nasser’s costly and failed programs; signed peace with Israel in 1973; assassinated by a Muslim fundamentalist.

agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations.

religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences.

African National Congress (ANC)

South African political organization founded to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections.

Walter Sisulu and Steve Biko

African leaders imprisoned (Sisulu) or murdered (Biko) by the Afrikaner regime.

ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected president of South Africa in 1994.

South African president (served

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AP World Chapter 34

Ap World History - Summerville High School

Term	Definition
Bangladesh	formerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972.
Indira Gandhi	Prime Minister of India (r. 1966–1977, 1980–1984); daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru; dominated Indian politics for several decades.
Corazon Aquino	president of Philippines (r. 1986–1992).
Jawaharal Nehru	one of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence (1947); committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy.
Benazir Bhutto	Prime Minister of Pakistan, (r. 1988–1990, 1993–1996).
religious revivalism	an approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life.
primary products	food or industrial crops with a high demand in industrialized economies; their prices tend to fluctuate widely.
neocolonial economy	industrialized nation’s continued dominance of the world economy, despite the absence of direct political control over the non-industrialized world.
Gamal Abdul Nasser	member of the Free Officers Movement who seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup; became leader of Egypt; formed a state-directed reforming regime; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956; most reforms were unsuccessful.
Free Officers movement	military nationalist movement in the 1930s; often allied with the Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952.
Muslim Brotherhood	Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world.
Anwar Sadat	successor of Nasser as Egypt’s ruler; dismantled Nasser’s costly and failed programs; signed peace with Israel in 1973; assassinated by a Muslim fundamentalist.
Hosni Mubarak	president of Egypt (served
Green Revolution	agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations.
Ayatollah Khomeini	religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences.
African National Congress (ANC)	South African political organization founded to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections.
Walter Sisulu and Steve Biko	African leaders imprisoned (Sisulu) or murdered (Biko) by the Afrikaner regime.
Nelson Mandela	ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected president of South Africa in 1994.
F. W. de Klerk	South African president (served

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