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ap gov ch. 7
interest groups
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an organization that seeks to achieve goals by influencing government decision making | interest group |
| ____ percent of all Americans belong to some kind of voluntary group or association, although not every group is an interest group. | 80 % |
| _______ in Bowling Alone found a marked decrease in the number of people who belong to interest groups and other types of clubs and organizations. | Robert Putnam |
| the relationships that improve our lives by giving us social connections with which to solve common problems. | social capital |
| Interest groups afford a way for people to band together to influence government as a ________. | collective force |
| Interest groups assist in the engagement of ______ by providing a forum through which people can come together and form an association. | communities |
| emphasizes how important it is for a democracy to have large numbers of diverse interest groups representing a wide variety of views. | pluralist theory |
| the belief that a ruling class composed of wealthy, educated individuals wields most of the power in government and also within the top universities, corporations, the military, and media outlets. | elite theory |
| What are the key functions of interest groups? | educate public about policy issues, provide citizens with access to activism, mobilize citizens/stimulate them to participate in civic/political affairs. perform electoral functions, provide info and expertise to policy makers, & checks and balances |
| Interest groups and their _________ make money a vital force in American politics. | political action committees (PACs) |
| _______ are more likely to establish and to dominate interest groups than are non-______. | elites |
| Interest groups strengthen ______ advantage. | incumbency |
| U.S. Supreme Court ruling (interest groups) | Citizens United v. FEC 2010 |
| _______ and ________ tend to be the best predictors of interest group membership. | income; education |
| Doctors and lawyers are likely to be members of professional associations such as the ___ and ___. | AMA and ABA |
| _______ in business and industry are likely to be members of industry-specific and general business organizations that advocate on behalf of their members. | Executives |
| In general, people who identify themselves as _____ class are less likely to have been socialized to participate in interest groups, with the exception of labor unions. | working |
| the feeling of belonging, companionship, friendship, and the satisfaction derived from socializing with others. | solidary incentives |
| belief that interest group's cause from an ideological or moral standpoint | purposive incentives |
| People also join interest groups because of material, or ________; that is, they want to support groups that work for policies that will provide them with economic benefits. | economic incentives |
| Political scientists agree on various factors that influence whether an interest group will succeed. These factors include the interest group's ______ and _____. | organizational resources and organizational environment. |
| What are some other factors that enhance an interest group's influence? | cohesion, intensity, and demographics |
| Political scientists put interest groups into 3 major categories: | economic, public and ideological, and foreign interest groups |
| Economic interest groups include what kinds of interests? | corporate & business, labor, agriculture, and trade & professional interests |
| Type of interest: These groups typically seek policies that benefit a particular company or industry. | corporate & business interests |
| Type of interests: About 12% of all US workers belong to unions; public employees are among the most unionized workforces, with 37% of all governmental employees belonging to a labor union. | labor interests |
| These interests probably have the most disproportionate amount of influence given the small number of farmers and workers in the country relative to the general population. | agricultural interests |
| This type of interest group is typically concerned with a broad range of issues that affect the populace at large. | Public interest groups |
| results of the efforts of a particular public interest group's advocacy are called | collective goods |
| the nature of collective goods creates a | free rider problem |
| the theory that it is not rational for people to participate in a collective action designed to achieve a collective good when they can secure that good without participating. | rational choice theory |
| Public and Ideological Interest groups include: | consumer, environmental, and religious interests |
| _______ has founded numerous organizations to promote the rights of consumers | Ralph Nader |
| Many environmental interest groups came about as a result of a broader environmental movement in the _____. | 1970s |
| _____ has spent millions of dollars trying to influence trade and other US policies to its advantage. | China |
| What are the two kinds of strategies that interest groups use to advance their causes? | direct and indirect strategies |
| involve actual contact between representatives of the interest group and policy makers | direct strategies |
| use intermediaries to advocate for a cause or generally to attempt to persuade the public, including policy makers, to embrace the group's position. | indirect strategies |
| to communicate directly with policy makers on the interest groups' behalf | lobby |
| the fluid web of connections among those concerned about a policy and those who create and administer the policy | issue network |
| An interest group's ______ often depends on its having close relationships with the policy makers involved in decisions related to the group's causes. | efficacy |
| the interaction of mutual interests among members of Congress, executive agencies, and organized interests during policy making | iron triangle |
| What court case had an interest group that challenged a policy in the courts? | Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) |
| the practice of using public outreach to build favorable public opinion of the organization or company | climate control |
| door opener for an interest; access to policy makers is crucial | campaign contributions |
| Labor groups tend to support which party? Whereas many business and corporate PACs favor which party? | Democrats; Republicans |
| At the top, traditional PACs tend to contribute more heavily to which party? | Democrats |
| PACs, particularly those formed by economic interest groups, overwhelmingly favor _______. | incumbents |
Created by:
carolinec1996