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AICP Exam
Historical events, planners, books, definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| City to pass the first land use zoning restrictions in 1867 | San Francisco |
| City to create the first local civic center plan in the US in 1903 | Cleveland |
| City to first apply the City Beautiful principles in 1906 | San Francisco |
| First town planning board created in 1907 in this city | Hartford, CT |
| First metropolitan regional plan in 1909 for this city | Chicago |
| First state to pass enabling legislation for zoning in 1909 | Wisconsin |
| First city to use land use zoning to guide development in 1909 | LA |
| First full-time city planner hired in 1914 to work for the planning commission in this city (and who was the planner?) | Harland Bartholomew, in Newark, NJ |
| City to first adopt a comprehensive zoning code in 1916 (and who wrote it?) | New York City, by Edward Bassett |
| First regional planning commission created in this county in 1922 | Los Angeles County |
| Standard State Zoning Enabling Act issued in this year | 1924 |
| City to adopt the first comprehensive plan in 1925 | Cincinnati |
| Standard City Planning Enabling Act issued in this year | 1928 |
| First US National Planning Board created in this year | 1933 |
| First federally supported public housing was constructed in this city in 1934 | Cleveland |
| First state to introduce statewide zoning in 1961 | Hawaii |
| Year the first indoor shopping mall was opened in Edina, MN | 1956 |
| Housing Act of 1954 created what? | Funds for urban renewal |
| The Council of Governments (COGS) movement began with a council being formed in which city in 1954? | Detroit |
| The first comprehensive housing act was passed in which year? | 1949 |
| National rate of home ownership is how many percent in 2010? | 65% |
| This person helped pioneer indoor shopping malls and worked in Baltimore and the east coast from 1950s-1980s. | James Rouse |
| Which act made it possible to acquire, manage, and dispose of federal property? | Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 |
| Author of How the Other Half Lives (1890), resulting in housing reform in NYC | Jacob Riis |
| Author of Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), initiating the Garden City movement | Ebenezer Howard |
| Author of Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago (1912), adopted as a textbook for 8th graders | Walter Moody |
| Author of Carrying Out the City Plan (1914), the first major textbook on city planning | Flavel Shurtleff |
| Author of Cities in Evolution (1915), on regional planning | Patrick Geddess |
| Author of Planning of the Modern City (1916) | Nelson Lewis |
| Author of Local Planning Administration (1941) | Ladislas Segoe |
| Author of the textbook Urban Land Use Planning (1957) | F. Stuart Chapin |
| Author of Image of the City (1960) that defined edges, nodes, etc. within the city | Kevin Lynch |
| Author of The Rise of the Creative Class (2003) on the importance of the creative class in urban areas | Richard Florida |
| Author of The Urban General Plan (1964) | TJ Kent |
| Author of With Heritage So Rich (1966) on historic preservation | Alfred Reins |
| Author of Design with Nature (1969) on conservation design | Ian McHarg |
| Author of The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces (1980) which promoted the use of enviro. psychology and sociology in urban design | William Whyte |
| This type of survey is taken at one point in time | Cross-sectional |
| This type of survey is taken over a length of time to measure changes in attitudes | Longitudinal |
| Typical low response rate to written surveys is how many %? | 20% |
| Scale for maps used by the USGS | 1:24,000, where 1" = 2,000 linear feet |
| How many sq. ft. are there per acre? | 43,560 sq. ft. per acre |
| Slope of land where commercial will have problems but it's still adequate for residential. | 1-3% |
| Slope of land where major problems occur for commercial and large-scale residential. | 3-5% |
| Slope of land where only specially-designed development should occur. | 5-10% |
| What is a statistical 'variance'? | The average of the squared differences from the mean. |
| What is a statistical 'standard deviation'? | Square root of the variance. |
| What is the 'coefficient of variation'? | This measures the relative dispersion from the mean. Divide the standard deviation by the mean. |
| What is the 'standard error'? | Standard deviation of a sample. A larger sample size means a smaller standard error. |
| What is a confidence interval? | The width shows us how certain or uncertain we are about the unknown. An estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter. Wide interval = we are not very certain. |
| This social justice pioneer wrote Rules for Radicals to show how the 'have nots' should organize to outmaneuver the 'haves'. Worked in Chicago in the 1930s and 40s. | Saul Alinsky |
| This pioneer of social justice developed a Ladder of Citizen Participation where citizens should act to develop their own agendas instead of just reacting to outside forces. | Sherry Arnstein |
| This pioneer of social justice criticized physical planning since it ignored minorities. He wanted planners to be advocates. | Paul Davidoff |
| This pioneer of social justice worked in Cleveland in the 1970s to expand choices for those who had none or few and redirect resources to the poor. | Norman Krumholz |
| This social justice pioneer wrote the book Social Justice in the City. | David Harvey |
| Developer of 'bounded rationality' since the human mind limits pure rational planning. "Satisfice" or choose what's good enough. | Herbert Simon |
| Author of the book The Science of Muddling Through (1959), on Incremental Planning which involves a series of successive comparisons. | Charles Lindblom |
| Developer of Mixed Scanning planning, which is a mix of rational (big picture) and incremental planning. | Amitai Etzioni |
| Transactive planner who wrote Retracking America: A Theory of Transactive Planning (1973) to encourage mutual learning between communities and planners. | John Friedmann |
| Author of the radical planning book called Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action (1987) guiding people to develop their own plans. | John Friedmann |
| This type of planning is still in wide use today, where planners act as facilitators and provide information. | Communicative planning |
| Number of acres in a section of a township | 640 acres (section is 1 square mile) |
| Which Act created the highway system that links state capitals and most large cities and allocated funds from automobile sales for road construction | 1956 Federal Highway Act |
| Term for reducing the zoning intensity of a site. | Downzoning |
| What is a metropolitan statistical area? | A census designated place that includes a central city plus adjacent communities to which it is linked economically. |
| What is a city begun in1923 that includes many of the characteristics of New Urbanist communities? And who designed it? | Mariemont, OH by John Nolen |
| What financial analysis tool looks at basic and non-basic economic activities? Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing. | Economic base analysis |
| What is a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area? | An area consisting of two or more overlapping or interlocking urban communities (known as primary metropolitan statistical areas) with a total population of at least one million. |
| What does MAP-21 stand for? | Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century |
| What are FEMA's Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)? | The area that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The 1-percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood. |
| A[n] ___________ is an area with at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile. | Urban cluster |
| Who is a co-founder of the Regional Planning Association of America? | Clarence Stein |
| When is the PERT tool most useful? | Program Evaluation and Review technique is a decision-making tool designed to achieve objectives in which time is a critical factor. This technique is most helpful when time expectations are significant. |
| What are the 4 key sections of an EIS? | Affected environment, Alternatives.... ?? |
| Every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs, and budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming budget year, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the previous one. This method allows for str | Zero based budgeting |
| What roads provide a moderate amount of land access, distribute travel to smaller areas, and interconnect major roads? | Collector streets. |
| Congestion can be measured by what ratio? | Volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C Ratio) A V/C Ratio of greater than 1.0 indicates severe congestion. |
| What manual estimates the number of trips per type of housing? | Institute of Transportation Engineers' Trip Generation manual |
| What type of housing generates 6.6 trips per day? | An apartment. |
| What type of housing generates 9.55 trips per day? | A single-family home. |
| What type of housing generates 10.71 trips per day? | A townhouse. |
| This planner created the NY Housing Authority and wrote The City is the Frontier (criticizing federal policies on housing) | Charles Abrams |
| This planner worked in Letchworth, England and within the Garden City movement. | Thomas Adams |
| This planner helped to transform NYC's public works in the 1930s through 1950s. | Robert Moses |
| This planner worked in the Resettlement Administration, Greenbelt Cities program, and as Governor of Puerto Rico. | Rexford Tugwell |
| This planner designed Letchworth, England. | Sir Raymond Unwin |
| This planner wrote Modern Housing and helped to shape housing policy in the 1930s. | Catherine Bauer Wurster |
| This planner developed the neighborhood unit concept. Contributed to Regional Survey of NY and its Environs. | Clarence Perry |
| Who is the father of landscape architecture? | Freserick Law Olmstead, Sr. |
| Who was the architect responsible for designing an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on nature? | Paolo Arcosanti |
| A Garden City has how many people and how many acres? | 32,000 people and 6,000 acres |
| In which year, the first Garden City began being built in the US-- where? | 1922, in Sunnyside Gardens NY |
| This planner developed the Concentric Circle theory. | Burgess |
| This planner developed Sector theory, where land values increase along roads. | Hoyt |
| This planner developed the multiple nuclei development. | Harris Ullman |
| This planner developed the central place theory which included minimum threshold to bring a firm to a city. | Christaller |
| Author of the 1961 book Megalopolis. | Jean Gottman |
| This Frenchman developed the Cost-Benefit Analysis in 1848. | Jules Dupuit |
| This method developed in the 1950s by the US Navy is useful when timelines aren't known; it illustrates relationships. | Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) |
| This method shows the path through tasks that don't overlap. | Critical Path Method (CPM); the longest path is the critical path |
| This type of real estate (1,000 sq. ft.) brings about 11 daily trip ends. | General office space |
| This type of real estate (1,000 sq. ft.) brings about 43 daily trip ends. | Shopping center space |
| This type of real estate (1,000 sq. ft.) brings about 7 daily trip ends. | Light industrial development |
| These planners introduced the neighborhood concept in 1915. | Robert Park and E.W. Burgess |
| Who is the Father of the Modern Housing code, helping to craft the NY State Tenement Housing Act of 1901? | Lawrence Veiller |
| Who wrote "Edgeless Cities" in 2002, on the new urban form of suburbs with offices? | Robert Lang |
| Who wrote Urban Fortunes in 1987 on the City as Growth Machine theory (real estate interests in growth)? | Logan and Molotch |
| Name the six transects in Transect Theory. | Natural, rural, suburban, general urban, urban center, urban core. |
| Who wrote The Geography of Nowhere (1993) on suburbs and the automobile? | James Kunstler |
| Who introduced Management by Objectives (MBO) in 1954? | Peter Drucker |
| What are aspects of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)? | Natural surveillance, territoriality, natural access control |
Created by:
beckbeckay