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Plan Making and Impl

AICP Test Prep

Question	Answer
According to, The Practice of Local Government Planning, what three steps does the plan making process include?	1. Goals and visions; 2. Analysis of current problems, and 3. Creation and evaluation of alternatives.
What are the eight elements to a strategic plan?	1 Needs analysis, 2. ID results, determine long-term objectives, 3 SWOT, 4 involve stakeholders, 5 Dev and Eval Alternatives, 6 ID role of city, 7 Develop funding policy, 8 Evaluate performance
Is a strategic plan short or long term in focus?	Short Term - approximately 5 years
What is visioning?	Visioning is a process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide the opportunity for them to offer input on how the community could be in the future.
Do Tribal Governments develop comprehensive plans?	Yes
What is a Survey?	A survey is a research method that allows one to collect data on a topic that cannot be directly observed, such as opinions on downtown retailing opportunities.
What is a cross-sectional survey?	A cross-sectional survey gathers information about a population at a single point in time.
What is a longitudinal survey?	A longitudinal survey gathers information about a population over a period of time.
When should you use written surveys? What are the challenges associated with written surveys?	Written surveys are popular when trying to obtain info from a broad audience and it is low cost and convenient for respondents. Challenges: Low response rates (avg 20%), requires ability to read and write.
When is a group-administered survey appropriate? What are advantages? Disadvantages?	when there is a specific population that a planner is trying to target. Type of survey allows high and quick response rate. Examples is recreation participants filling out a survey after a class. Requires small sample size.
What is a drop-off survey? What are the advantages? Disadvantages?	A Drop-off survey allows the survey to be dropped off at someone's residence or business. Advantages include higher response rates than mailing. Disadvantages include high time and expense requirements. Smaller sample size.
What is an oral survey?	Survey usually administered on the phone or in person.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of phone surveys?	Advantages: Useful when you need yes/no answers, allows follow-up and further explanation. Disadvantages: Response rates vary, expensive survey method, can be biased due to interaction, difficult to administer long or multiple choice questions.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of online surveys?	Adv: Inexpensive, quick response, higher response rate than written or interview surveys. Disadv: Will not reach people without internet access.
What are important survey design points?	1 Clear questions, 2 Each question about 1 issue, 3 short questions, 4 Avoid neg terms, 5 Avoid biased terms, 6 Use consistent response method, 7 Sequence questions from general to specific, 8 Make questions easy to answer, 9 Define unusual terms.
What is a convenience sample?	Uses individuals that are readily available.
What is a volunteer sample?	Recruits individuals for the sample.
What is a random sample?	Participants selected randomly, can lead to probability testing.
What is a stratified sample?	Participants are divided into groups, or classes, from which a sample is drawn. Can lead to probability testing.
Should thought be given to sampling type and number?	Absolutely.
What scale does the US Geological Survey Use?	1:24,000 or 1 inch = 2,000 feet
What are the three basic types of map projections?	Conic, cylindrical and planar
What are contour lines? Contour intervals?	Contour lines are lines of equal elevation. Contour intervals is the elevation difference between contour lines.
How is slope calculated?	The change in elevation divided by the horizontal distance.
What are general slope guidelines for urban development?	0-0.5% = no drainage, not suited for dev 0.5-1% = no problems, ideal for all types of dev 1-3% = slight prob for lrg com areas acceptable for res 3-5% = mjr prob for com/ind/lrg scale residential; 5-10% = suitable only for specially designed development.
Which term is used to describe an area with multiple-cities with a combined population of more than 10 million inhabitants?	Megalopolis
Which of the following people is associated with the development of equity planning theory?	Krumholz
What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?	MBO is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an org so that mgmt and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. MBO term was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book 'The Practice of Management'.
What is the Cohort Survival Population estimation method?	his population estimation method uses the population at the time of the last census divided into five-year age groups and gender. A death rate is applied to each age group. New groups are created based on birth rates and net migration rates.
The American Planning Association created which of the following documents to encourage states to revise their standard state zoning enabling acts?	The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook and its accompanying User Manual are the culmination of APA's seven-year Growing Smart project, an effort to draft the next generation of model planning and zoning legislation for the U.S.
What is the critical path method?	it is 1 of sev related techniques for doing proj plan. CPM is for projects that are made up of a number of ind "activities." If some of the activities require other activities to finish before they can start, then the proj becomes a complex web of act.
Which residential land use would have the highest average vehicle trips per unit?	Single family dwelling
What is the national rate of homeownership?	65%
Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore dealt with what issues?	Timing of Development: The Associated Home Builders case was related to when building permits could be developed based on the availability of infrastructure.
Does the Tennesse Valley Authority cover a multi-state area?	yes
What did the New York Tenement House Law of 1901 do?	The passage of the 1901 Tenement Act resulted from deteriorating conditions in the increasingly overcrowded tenement districts of New York. The result was an increase in the # of windows, plumbing on each floor, and outlawing Dumbbell Tenements.
An ordinance requiring the set-aside of land or dollars to construct affordable housing within a subdivision is referred to as what?	Inclusionary Zoning
What is cost-revenue analysis?	Cost Revenue analysis takes into account anticipated revenues and expected expenditures both in capital and recurring sources
What is a Metropolitan Planning Organization?	Congress created MPOs in order to ensure that existing and future expenditures for transportation projects and programs are based on a continuing, cooperative and comprehensive (“3-C”) planning process
What does Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act do?	Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act orders federal agency planners to take into account how any proposed action or policy would impact historic preservation.
Who wrote The Intelligence of Democracy?	Charles Lindblom
In new development, who is typically responsible for construction of streets, curbs, water, and sewer on the development project site?	The developer.
What is a hypothesis test?	A hypothesis test is a test for the acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis.
Why do planners use economic forecasting?	Economic forecasting helps to determine the growth in jobs in the community which translates to demand for commercial business land uses.
What is a CDP, according to the US Census?	A Census Designated place is recognized similar to a city, but it is not incorporated. Examples include a number of major master planned communities in unincorporated areas.
Who was the first full-time planner for a United States city?	Newark hired Bartholomew, making him at age twenty-four the first full-time municipally employed city planner in the United States.
What planning issue is Agins v. City of Tiburon related to?	5th Amendment: Takings
Is the Appalachian Regional Commission a Multi-State effort?	yes
What Federal Department is theNational Register of Historic Places found?	The National Park Service
What are elements of Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities	I. Surrounded by open space II. Include housing, retail, and industry III. Connected by railways
What is fiscal impact analysis?	Fiscal impact analysis generally refers to efforts to estimate the budgetary effects of various types of land uses on local governmental jurisdictions or other local service providers.
What book written in 1961 critiques the practice of planning?	The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs
What is the most important element of a contract for consulting work?	List of Milestones
The Housing Act of 1954 created what?	Funds for urban renewal.
What planning issue did Berman v. Parker address?	Eminent domain for aesthetic purposes.
What is Level of Service(LOS)?	Level of Service ranges from A to F with A being the best level of service and F the lowest level of service.
Approximately how many wireless sites are in the United States as of 2005?	According to the wireless industry there are approximately 150,000 cell tower sites.
A capital improvement budget includes those facilities that are planned for construction in which of the following time spans?	1 year
What is an effective way to validate community opinion?	Work with neighborhood organizations.
Who was the author of the Geography of Nowhere?	James Kunstler
What is an economically depressed area that is designated for governmental subsidies and tax incentives known as?	An empowerment zone is a federally designated distressed area in need of sustainable community development. EZ is designed to afford communities real opportunities for growth and revitalization.
What is The Federal Property Administration Act of 1949?	The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 is a United States federal law that established the General Services Administration which is responsible for managing, acquiring, and disposing of federal property.
What is Groupware?	Groupware includes a variety of electronic technologies that support virtual collaboration. These techniques use hardware, software, and or internet technology to allow for sophisticated collaboration activities.
Did President Clinton create eight new national monuments in 2000?	yes
What is the open space participatory method?	Open Space allows for people to propose topics to discuss and those who are interested choose to participate in that dialogue. The groups prepare summaries of their discussion to share with the entire group.
Which Act was created in 1944?	The G.I. Bill provided for college or vocational education for returning WW II vets (commonly referred to as GIs or G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.
The Supreme Court dealt with which of the following issues in Nectow v. City of Cambridge?	In this case the plaintiff was placed in the R-3 zoning district in error. The plaintiff sued under the 14th amendment claiming a violation of due process.
The annual energy consumption in the United States is:	According to the US Department of Energy annual energy consumption has increase dramatically since the 1920s. The Department of Energy plans to increase by 29 percent between 2000 and 2020.
Which of the following standards for air and water quality restrict the discharge of pollutants into the environment?	Effluent
What is the most likely to be used as an alternative travel mode to the automobile to get to and from work?	Public Transportation
Does the US Dept of Commerce use only one indicator to measure the direction of the economy?	No: The US Dept of Commerce uses an index of 12 leading indicators to measure the direction of the econ. These include interest rates, stock prices, oil prices, unemployment, housing starts and consumer expectations are all part of the leading indicators.
What is an LULU?	Locally undesirable land use.
Who was Herbert Simon?	He studied decision making, org theory, problem-solving, and complex systems.
The Housing Act of which year called for slum clearance?	1949
Who was Saul Alinsky?	advocate of com organizing. organized Chicagos poor in the 30s and 40s. In 1946 he pub Reveille for Radicals, which encouraged those poor to become involved in democracy. also published Rules for Radicals, which provided 13 rules for com organizing.
Which of the following was an important outcome of Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company?	I. Upheld zoning II. Found that zoning is a valid use of police power
You are a planner in a medium sized city. You have been accused of a violation of the AICP Code of ethics. You may be disciplined by a majority vote of which of the following?	After review by the Ethics Officer the Ethics Committee can be convened to make a decision.
What did Calthorpe propose?	In 1989, Calthorpe proposed the concept of the Pedestrian Pocket a mixed use development of up to 110 acres with a park at the center.
Which city was home to the first Council of Government?	Detroit
What is an audience response system?	ARS is instant polling software used in conjunction with a slide presentation.
This author provided seminal contributions to the field of city planning through empirical research on how individuals perceive and navigate the urban landscape.	Kevin Lynch
In what year did ASPO and AIP merge to become the APA?	1978
What is Multiattribute Utility Analysis?	Multiattribute Utility Analysis allows for weighting of a series of values dimensions. For example, participants are given a number of points that can be allocated between the value dimensions.
What is participatory rural appraisal?	Participatory Rural Appraisal is a group of techniques that allow for the provision and analysis of information by the public. These are typically highly visual including creation of maps or picture cards.
What is cost effectiveness analysis?	An analysis done to find the most cost effective alternative plans.
What issue did olden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo deal with?	The Golden case marked the first time in the U.S. that a town was legally approved to control its own growth The correct answer is: Made development conditional based on the provision of services
What is the primary purpose of a fiscal impact analysis?	To assist city or county officials determine if a project will generate sufficient revenue to defray necessary public service costs
What is a null hypothesis?	A null hypothesis is a neutral statement that does not suggest the direction of the result.
In what year was the first major indoor shopping mall opened in the United States?	1956, Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota was the first indoor, climate-controlled regional mall.
Which city was the first to adopt a comprehensive plan?	Cincinnati, Ohio
What book did Ebenezer Howard write?	Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.1898
What is advocacy planning?	Advocacy planning brought planning into the public eye and assisted in recognizing the different needs of interest groups in the community.
What is an environmental assessment?	An environmental assessment is a document that a Federal agency prepares under the (NEPA) to provide sufficient evidence and analysis to determine whether a proposed agency action would require preparation of an EIS) or a finding of no significant impact.
What was the issue of Dolan v. Tigard?	Takings
Who wrote Image of the City?	Image of the City by Kevin Lynch published in 1960. It defined basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.
What is shift-share analysis?	Shift share analysis looks at the change in the share of employment in an industry over time.
Were source of water, sewage disposal, and condominium status eliminated from the 2000 Census?	Yes
What is location quotient?	a ratio that compares a region to a larger reference region according to some characteristic or asset. A score lower than one means importing employment and greater than one means exporting employment
Clarence Perry's Neighborhood Unit Concept (1929) was published in what plan?	The idea was to create complete neighborhoods that provided convenient access for residents to school and businesses. The correct answer is: Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs
What are the six transects in transect theory?	The six transects include natural, rural, sub-urban, general urban, urban center and urban core.
Who pioneered indoor shopping malls; developed the new town of Columbia, Maryland; Baltimore's Harbor Place; and Boston's Fanueil Hall.	James Rouse: Rouse was a major figure in development in Baltimore and the east coast from the 1950s through the 1980s.
Which U.S. Supreme Court case is considered a landmark ruling that made government agency decisions subject to judicial review and also spurred the creation of large numbers of citizens groups dedicated to environmental activism?	Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Bolpe: n 1971, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park. This lead to a considerable increase in grassroots environmental organizing.
Who led the Back of Yards movement.	Saul Alinsky
Who created advocacy planning?	Paul Davidoff
Which is the most common technique used to resolve conflict?	Feedback and compromise.
Which of the following is true of Harland Bartholomew? I. First full-time planner for a city II. Wrote the comprehensive plan for St. Louis III. Owned a planning consulting firm	All of the Above
What is a plebiscite?	A direct vote on an issue.
Which city had the first regional plan?	Chicago
Who is the father of zoning?	Bassett wrote the New York City Zoning Ordinance in 1916.
In calculating FAR, do all the floor count in a multi story building?	For the purposes of this test, unless otherwise specified, yes
a community built incorporating principles of New Urbanism would most likely use what type of zoning?	form-based zoning
Which cities saw the largest growth in their downtown population between 2000 and 2010?	Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington DC had the largest numeric increase in the population living less than 2 miles from downtown.
What is the Delphi Method?	a structured communication technique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a panel of experts. The experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds.
Ian McHarg published which of the following books in 1969?	Design with Nature.
Who wrote Silent Spring in 1962?	Rachel Carlson.
What is floor area ratio (FAR)?	Floor area ratio (FAR) is the ratio of the gross floor area of a building to its ground area.
What are descriptive statistics?	Descriptive Statistics describe the characteristics of a population.
What are inferential Statistics?	Inferential Statistics determine characteristics of a population based on observations made on a sample from that population. We infer things about the population based on what is observed in the sample.
What is central tendency?	Central tendency is the typical or representative value of a dataset. There are several ways to report central tendency, including mean, median, and mode.
What is mode?	Mode is the most frequent number in a distribution. The modes of [1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7] are 3 and 7. There can be more than one mode for a data set.
What is mean?	Mean is the average of a distribution. The mean of [2, 3, 4, 5] is 3.5.A weighted mean is when there is greater importance placed on specific entries or when the frequency distribution results in a representative value being assigned for each class.
What is median?	Median is the middle number of a ranked distribution. The median of [2, 3, 4, 6, 7] is 4.
What is nominal data?	Nominal data is classified into mutually exclusive groups that lack intrinsic order. Race, social security number, and sex are examples of nominal data. Mode is the only measure of central tendency that can be used for nominal data.
What is ordinal data?	Ordinal data has values that are ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. However, ordinal data has no fixed interval between values. a letter grade on a test is an example of ordinal data.
What is interval data?	Ratio data has an ordered relationship and equal intervals. Distance is an example of ratio data because 3.2 miles is twice as long as 1.6 miles. Any form of central tendency can be used for this type of data.
What is the the difference between qualitative variables and quantitative variables?	Qualitative Variables can be nominal or ordinal, while Quantitative Variables can be interval or ratio.
What are continuous variables?	Continuous Variables can have an infinite number of values, such as 1.1111.
What are dichotomous variables?	Dichotomous Variables can only have two possible values, such as unemployed or employed which are symbolized as 0 and 1.
What is a hypothesis test?	A Hypothesis Test allows for a determination of possible outcomes and the interrelationship between variables.
What is a null hypothesis?	The Null Hypothesis, shown as H0 is a statement that there are no differences. For example, a Null Hypothesis could be that Traffic Calming has no impact on traffic speed.
What is an alternative hypothesis?	An Alternate Hypothesis, designated as H1, proposes the relationship - Traffic Calming reduces traffic speed.
What is a normal distribution with regards to data distribution?	A normal distribution is one that is symmetrical around the mean. This is a bell curve.
What is range?	The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. The age range of the respondents in a neighborhood survey goes from 18-year-old to 62-year-old. This results in a range of 44.
What is variance?	Variance is the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.Variance is a descriptor of a probability distribution, how far the numbers lie from the mean.
What is standard deviation?	Standard Deviation is the square root of the variance.
What is standard error?	Standard Error is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution. Standard errors indicate the degree of sampling fluctuation. The larger the sample size the smaller the standard error.
What is a confidence interval?	Confidence Interval gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter. The width of the confidence interval gives us an idea of how uncertain we are about the unknown parameter.
What is a chi square test?	Chi Square is a non-parametric test statistic that provides a measure of the amount of difference between two frequency distributions. Chi Square is commonly used for probability distributions in inferential statistics.
What is a z-score?	The z-score is a measure of the distance, in standard deviation units, from the mean.This allows one to determine the likelihood, or probability that something would happen.
What is a t-test?	The t-test allows the comparisons of the means of two groups to determine how likely the difference between the two means occurred by chance.
What is ANOVA?	An ANOVA is an analysis of variance. It studies the relationship between two variables, the first variable must be nominal and the second is interval.
What is a correlation?	A Correlation tests the strength of the relationship between variables.
What is the correlation coefficient?	The Correlation Coefficient indicates the type and strength of the relationship between variables, ranging from -1 to 1. The closer to 1 the stronger the relationship between the variables.
What is regression?	Regression is a test of the effect of independent variables on a dependent variable. A regression analysis explores the relationship between variables.
What is the linear method of population projection and estimation?	The linear method uses the rate of growth (or decline) in population over a period of time to estimate the current or future population.
What is the Exponential and Modified Exponential Method of population projection and estimation?	The exponential method uses the rate of growth (or decline) in population over a period of time to estimate the current or future population. For example, growing 2% per year for 20 years. Two percent of 2,000 people is larger than 2% of 1,000 people.
What is the Symptomatic Method of population projection and estimation?	It uses available data to estimate the current population. For instance, the avg household size is 2.5 according to the U.S. Census. If 100 new single-family building permits are issued this yr, approximately 250 new people will be added to the community.
What is the Step-Down Ratio Method of population projection and estimation?	This method uses the ratio of the population (of a lrger geo unit) at a known point in time, such as the Census. For ex, the pop of A is 20% of the county pop in 2K. If we know that the county pop is 20K in 2005, we can estimate the pop of A as 4K (20%).
What is the Distributed Housing Unit Method of population projection and estimation?	This method uses the Census Bureau data for the number of housing units, which is then multiplied by the occupancy rate and persons per household. This method is reliable for slow growth or stable communities.
What is the Cohort Survival Method of population projection and estimation?	It uses the current population plus natural increase and net migration to calculate a future population. The pop is calc in specific age groups. The cohort survival method provides the most accurate pop proj, but requires a lrg amt of data.
What is economic base analysis?	Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, while non-basic activities are those that are locally oriented. The exporting industries make up the economic base of a region.
What is a location quotient?	The location quotient is the ratio of an industry's share of local employment divided by its share of the nation (or other level of government). A location quotient of < 1 indicates an import econ. If the quotient is > 1 then the area is an export econ.
What is shift share analysis?	Shift-share analysis analyzes a local economy in comparison with a larger economy. This analysis looks at the differential shift, proportional shift, and economic growth. This method uses employment information by sector for two points in time.
What is input-output analysis?	Input-output analysis is a quantitative method that links suppliers and purchasers to determine the economic output of a region.
As defined in the US census what is an Urbanized area?	The Census Bureau defines an urbanized area wherever it finds an urban nucleus of 50,000 or more people.
As defined in the US census what is an Urban Cluster?	Urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 persons and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile.
As defined in the US census what is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)?	Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes at least one city with 50,000 or more inhabitants, or an urbanized area (of at least 50,000 inhabitants), and a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000.
As defined in the US census what is a Micropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)	has a population of more than 10,000 people and less than 50,000 people. This includes a central county and adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic integration as measured by commuting.
As defined in the US census what is a Census Designated Place?	Census Designated Places (CPD) is the equivalent of an incorporated place for data purposes. This is for settled concentrations of population that are not incorporated.
As defined in the US census what is a Consolodated MSA (CMSA?	Consolidated MSA (CMSA) is made up of several PMSA's. An example is the Dallas-Fort Worth Consolidated Metropolitan Area. Dallas and Fort Worth are each primary metropolitan statistical areas.
What is a Megalopolis as defined by the Oxford Dictionary?	"any many-centered, multi-city, urban area of more than 10 million inhabitants, generally dominated by low-density settlement and complex networks of economic specialization."
What is the population range for a census tract?	Census Tract typically has a population between 2,000 and 8,000 people. It is the smallest area where all information is released.
How many housing units per census block?	Census Block is the smallest level at which the Census data is collected. There are typically 400 housing units per block.
What does minor civil division apply to?	Minor Civil Division (MCD) is a unit only used in 29 states and usually corresponds to a municipality. Census County Divisions are used in the 21 states that do not have MCD's.
What is a tribal designated statistical area?	Tribal Designated Statistical Area is a unit drawn by tribes that do not have a recognized land area. These are defined independently of the standard county based census deliniations.
What is a threshold population?	Threshold Population is a term that is under a number of government programs to determine program eligibility.
What percentage of the US population lives in Urban areas?	81%
What are the fastest growing states between 2000 - 2010?	Nevada (35%), Arizona (25%), and Utah (24%).
what was the only state to lose population between 2000-2010?	Michigan
Has the average household size gotten larger or smaller between 1970 and 2000?	he average household size went down from 3.1 in 1970 to 2.59 in 2010.
What is the median age for 2010 census?	37.2
What years were baby boomers born?	1946-1964
What years were generation x born?	1965-74
What year were generation y or millenials born>	1977-2000
What year were generation z born?	after 2000
What is fiscal impact analysis?	Fiscal Impact Analysis, also known as cost-revenue analysis, is used to estimate the costs and revenues of a proposed development on a local government.
What is another name for fiscal impact analysis?	Cost-Revenue analysis
What year was the National Environmental Policy Act adopted?	1969
What is an Environmental Assessment per NEPA?	An Environmental Assessment is required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact.
What is an environmental impact statement?	EIS are for federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. If the environmental assessment determines that there is a significant impact, then an environmental impact statement is required.
What is scoping?	Scoping is often the first contact between proponents of a proposal and the public. A scoping meeting introduces both sides of an issue and engages interested parties.
Are capital budgets the first year of a capitial improvements program?	yes
What does Planning, Programming, Budgeting Systems focus on?	PPBS is focused on planning through accomplishing goals set by a department.
What is lease-purchase method?	Lease-purchase allows a government to "rent-to-own.”
What is a progressive tax?	The tax rate increases as income rises.
What is a proportional tax?	The tax rate is the same regardless of income.
What is a regressive tax?	The tax rate decreases as income rises.
What is cost-benefit analysis?	Cost-benefit analysis estimates the total monetary value of the benefits and costs to the community of a project(s) to determine whether they should be undertaken.
What is cost effectiveness analysis?	a method for selecting among competing projects when resources are limited, was developed by the military.
What is program evaluation and review technique?	PERT is a scheduling method that graphically illustrates the interrelationships of project tasks.
What is the critical path method for project management?	a tool to analyze a project. The analysis results in a "critical path” through the project tasks. Each project task has a known amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before the previous one is completed.

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