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PoliSci Ch. 6
Civil Rights
Term | Definition |
---|---|
civil rights | The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable of unconstitutional differences |
separate-but-equal doctrine | The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could contituionally be kept in separate but equal facilities |
suspect classification | Classifications of peple based on their race or ethnicity; laws to classifying people are subject to "strict scrutiny" |
strict scrutiny | The standard by which "suspect classifications" are judged. To be upheld, such a classification must be relatied to a "compelling gov't interest," be "narrowly tailored" to achieve that interest, and use the "least restrictive means" avaiable |
de jure segregation | Racial segregation that is required by law |
de facto segregation | Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement |
civil disobedience | Opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment |
police powers | State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals |
equality of results | Making certain that people achieve the same result |
affirmative action | Laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, gov't agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of African Americans, other minorities, or women in its membership |
reverse discrimination | Using race or sex to give preferenetial treatment to some people |
equality of opportunity | Giving people an equal chance to succeed |