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EOC Review
US History EOC Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What grassroots political movement, started by southern and western farmers, arose in the 1890s U.S. to fight banks, railroads, large corporations and other "elites"? | Populist Movement |
| What was one main purpose of a Victory Garden in the U.S. during World War II? | To decrease demand on commercial vegetable growers, making more food available to soldiers |
| What was the primary purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1882? | To ban Chinese from immigrating to the U.S. |
| The Great Seal of the United States that was first used in 1782 included the motto E Pluribus Unum. The same motto appeared on federal coins in 1795. What is the meaning of this motto? | Out of Many, One |
| In 1997, Pres. Clinton presented the Congr. Medal of Honor to 78 year old African American Vernon Baker for fighting enemies in Italy in a previous war. Racism during the war prevented Baker from receiving the award. In which war did Vernon Baker fight? | World War II |
| In Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court ruled that a recount in the presidential election must take place by midnight of December 12, 2000. The ruling came hours before the deadline, making a recount impossible. What is the impact of this Supreme Court case? | This case marked the first time that the judicial branch of government involved itself in a federal election, and critics said that the Supreme Court rather than the electorate had determined the winner of a presidential election. |
| When the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) declared an oil embargo against the United States from 1973 to 1974, what was an effect on the U.S. free enterprise system? | The U.S. experienced inflation, economic recession, and restrictions on gasoline purchases; auto manufacturers started making smaller and more fuel-efficient cars. |
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt said his New Deal programs would use the authority of the federal government to help all classes and groups of people in the country. Who was one opponent of the New Deal programs, and why? | Herbert Hoover: he felt the federal government should not assume so much responsibility or deficit spending. |
| What is important about the date 1776? | Declaration of Independence |
| French term meaning let alone. Referred to the idea that government should not interfere in people's lives | Laissez Faire |
| In the period from 1865 to 1900, the United States Government aided the development of the West by | granting land to railroad companies |
| In the United States, the main purpose of antitrust legislation is to | increase competition in business |
| Prior to 1890, United States businesses made few foreign investments mainly because | investment opportunities were better in the United States |
| The Federal Trade Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission are similar in that each | has the power to formulate and enforce regulations |
| “Prices and wages should be determined by the marketplace.” The author of this statement would most probably support | laissez-faire capitalism |
| After the Civil War, one way business leaders tried to eliminate competition was by | forming monopolies or trusts |
| In the United States, industrial unions of the 1880’s and of the 1980’s had similar goals in that both campaigned for | greater job security and higher wages |
| Nativism in the late 19th century was motivated primarily by | hostility toward immigrant workers |
| The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Social Security Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples of | the Federal Government’s response to changes in the economy |
| The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to | eliminate unfair business practices |
| Many wealthy American industrialists of the late 19th century used the theory of Social Darwinism to | justify monopolistic actions |
| Prior to 1880, the number of immigrants to the United States was not restricted mainly because | industry owners wanted cheap labor |
| In the United States during the late 19th century, much of the prejudice expressed toward immigrants was based on the belief that they would | fail to assimilate into American society |
| The actions of Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, and Booker T. Washington illustrate that reform in the United States has | utilized a variety of methods to achieve many goals |
| Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, and Margaret Sanger are most closely associated with efforts to | improve conditions for the poor |
| One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the National Origins Act were similar is that all were expressions of | nativism |
| The Populist Party was important in United States history because it | proposed ideas that later became law |
| A goal of the Granger and Populist movements was to | help western farmers fight unjust economic practices |
| The Republican Presidents of the 1920’s generally followed a foreign policy based on | noninvolvement |
| The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would | view European interference in the Americas as a threat to the national interest of the United States |
| In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was established mainly because the United States wanted to | warn Europe against any further colonization in Latin America |
| Why did the United States formulate the Open Door policy toward China? | to prevent a European and Japanese monopoly of Chinese trade and markets |
| President Theodore Roosevelt’s policies toward Latin America were evidence of his belief in | intervention when American business interests were threatened |
| Which United States foreign policy was most directly related to the rise of big business in the late 1800s? | imperialism |
| The United States Federal Reserve System was established to | regulate the money supply |
| Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators? | ratification of a constitutional amendment, 17th amendment |
| An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to | stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum |
| Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens fairly by enacting a | graduated income tax |
| Which branch of government in the United States, becomes more powerful during the period between the beginning of the Great Depression and the end of the Vietnam War? | The Executive Branch |
| Which president promoted a Great Society and war on poverty? | Lyndon B Johnson |
| Which political party is generally associated with the term "conservative"? | Republican |
| Which political party is generally associated with the term "liberal"? | Democratic |
| The Cold War describes an era in American History detailing the American approach to the proliferation of which type of government? | Communism |
| Congress created this entity during Nixon's administration to address standards for air and water quality? | Environmental Protective Agency |
| Which law passed during Nixon's term requires the government to identify and protect plants and animals that are threatened with extinction? | The Endangered Species Act |
| Which Supreme Court decision upheld students' right to protest the Vietnam War in public schools? | Tinker v. Des Moines |
| Which Supreme Court decision upheld citizens' right to refuse education on the basis of religion? | Wisconsin v. Yoder |
| Which Supreme Court decision legalized early term abortion? | Roe v. Wade |
| Which Supreme Court decisions ruled segregation in schools to be unconstitutional? | Brown v. Board of Education |
| What event did President Carter boycott in 1980? | The Olympics |
| In 1972, former CIA agents working for Nixon's reelection campaign were caught breaking into the Democratic National Headquarters. This scandal is known as | Watergate |
| Rising prices coupled with high unemployment is an economic condition known as | stagflation |
| What was Ford's response to the Nixon Watergate Scandal upon assuming the Presidency of the United States. | Pardoned Nixon |
| A supranational organization created to control the global oil economy and give voice to the political concerns of Middle Eastern countries. | Oil and Petroleum Exporting Council |
| The religious leader who replaced the shah of Iran after the revolution of 1978 was? | Ayatollah Khomeini |
| Which of the following is considered a triumph of Carter’s presidency | Camp David Accords |
| Peace negotiation between Israel and Egypt that halted 30 years of war between the two countries | Camp David Accords |
| Sweeping immigration reform in 1986 that legalized illegal aliens who had lived in the US since 1981 | Mazzoli-Simpson Act |
| The use of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, etc... to make sure a political group's voice is heard and that other governments yield to their demands | Terrorism |
| This president referred to the USSR as an 'evil empire.' | Jimmy Carter |
| This president appointed Gerald Ford to the Vice Presidency after his election | Richard Nixon |
| US Marines reversed a communist takeover on this island nation north of Venezuela | Grenada |
| A secret operation run by White House officials designed to profit from arms sales to terrorist sympathizers while funding anti-communist movements in Central America. | Iran-Contra Affair |
| Economic theory including lower taxes and fewer regulations on businesses is known as | Supply-side economics |
| In 1983, 241 Marines were killed by a suicide bomber in this country | Lebanon |
| Opening relations with China was one of this president's greatest foreign policy achievements | Richard M. Nixon |
| This President withdrew troops from Vietnam in 1973 and believed that most Americans supported his foreign policy agenda | Richard M. Nixon |
| Which of the following presidents is credited as being instrumental in the fall of communism? | Ronald Reagan |
| Which of the following presidents based his foreign policy on a show of American military strength and increased defense spending? | Ronald Reagan |
| President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were intended to | prevent international tensions from leading to war |
| President Woodrow Wilson’s statement “The world must be made safe for democracy” was made to justify his decision to | ask Congress to declare war against Germany |
| The demand for German war reparations by the European Allies helps to explain the failure of the peace settlement following | World War I |
| Many senators who opposed United States membership in the League of Nations argued that joining the League would | involve the nation in future military conflicts |
| A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was | racial prejudice |
| The Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases deal were adopted prior to World War II primarily because these actions would | help Allied nations without the United States entering the war |
| "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible." This quotation supports a foreign policy of | neutrality |
| an attempt by the US Government to Americanize the Native Americans. Divided reservations into small family sized plots of land | Dawes Act |
| phrase coined by Mark Twain, describes time period between 1865-1900, extravagant wealth (top 5% held 86% of the nations wealth) terrible poverty existed underneath the surface | Gilded Age |
| (1898) Explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Battle of San Juan Hill - Teddy Roosevelt, the Philippines, Cuba, Yellow Fever, US support of Imperialism | Spanish-American War (Cuban War) |
| (18th Amendment) illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess any type of alcoholic beverage (distilled spirits). The Noble Experiment. Opened the door for organized crime (Al Capone), bootleggers and smuggling | Prohibition |
| President Teddy Roosevelt helped Panama gain independence from Columbia (created a revolution). This feat greatly increased the power of the Navy by linking the Atlantic and the Pacific. | Panama Canal |
| idea that the United States should avoid involvement in world affairs. The quote from George Washington inspired this belief, "avoid foreign entanglements. | Isolationism |
| phrase coined by Teddy Roosevelt. Reporters who discovered corruption within industry and government organizations. Laws were created and changed because of their work | Muckrakers |
| Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Anarchy, Leadership | Causes for the Great War(WWI) |
| this became a centerpiece of the home in the 1920s. Shows like The Lone Ranger, The Shadow, Little Orphan Annie aired on this device. President FDR used this as a means of communicating with the American public in what became known as fireside chats | television |
| shantytowns made from scrap material, wood, metal, etc. Homeless people lived in these during the depression | Hoovervilles |
| poor farming practices and a severe drought led to horrible dust storms and left much of the Southern Great Plains in despair | Dust Bowl |
| created by President Roosevelt's Second New Deal. Provided a pension plan for retired citizens and those who were disabled | Social Security |
| this agency employed more people than any other. Workers built roads, bridges, schools, post offices and numerous other public buildings | WPA (Works Progress Administration) |
| created by the New Deal to help with flood control, provide jobs, and cheap hydro electric power to a seven state area. | TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) |
| created by the New Deal to establish confidence in the nation's banks. The government would provide insurance for up to $5,000 | FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
| young men from 18 to 25 were employed to build parks, playgrounds, clear trails, build dams, and plant trees. The site where Powell High School sits was a camp for this agency during the Great Depression | CCC Civilian Conservation Corps also known as Roosevelt's "tree army" |
| in an attempt to restore trust in the nation's banks, FDR closed all banks for 4 days. Only those banks that were solvent were allowed to reopen. The closures of the banks coupled with the creation of the FDIC were attempts to stop runs on the banks. | Bank Holiday |
| the secret project to build an atomic weapon. | Manhattan Project |
| Tennessee city created to help construct the first atomic weapons. Hanford, Washington and Los Alamos, New Mexico also played important roles in the project. This site in Tennessee was chosen for its seclusion and proximity to cheap hydroelectric power. | Oak Ridge, Tennessee |
| One of the greatest pieces of legislation in American history, this gave veterans the opportunity to go to school, get job training and guaranteed home loans. It also provided loans to those starting a business | GI Bill |
| The Final Solution - 6 million European Jews and 5 million others would die in Concentration Camps. (Genocide) | Holocaust |
| FDR this Executive Order would place more than 100,000 Japanese Americans into Internment camps. Korematsu v. the United States (1944) the Supreme Court agreed with FDR that American citizens should be protected from possible uprising. | Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment Camps) |
| "Day of Infamy" December 7, 1941. Over 1,100 men died aboard the USS Arizona. | December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor |
| the turning point of the war in the Pacific, from this point forward the Japanese would be on the defensive. | Battle of Midway |
| Operation Overlord - June 6, 1944 the greatest amphibious invasion in history to that point - A second front designed to liberate Europe would be opened. | D-Day June 6, 1944 |
| the United States policy designed to keep Communism from spreading after WW II. | Containment |
| belief that if one nation fell to Communism, so would those around it | Domino Theory |
| Karl Marx was the father of this type of government - ideally, it would create a classless society. | Communism |
| Southern Democrats who opposed desegregation (Brown v. Board of Education 1954). Strom Thurmond ran for President in 1948 as a member of this political party. Ironically, the symbol of the party was the Statue of Liberty! | Dixiecrats (Strom Thurmond) |
| this resolution was passed by Congress giving President Lyndon Johnson authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam after the USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy were said to have been fired on by North Vietnamese gun boats. | Gulf of Tonkin |
| Communist leader of Cuba who led a successful revolution in 1959. He declared Cuba would become a Communist state. (90 miles from Florida) | Fidel Castro |
| The plan to rebuild Europe after WW II to avoid the spread of communism. The U.S. spent billions in war torn countries. Secretary of State George Marshall felt that stronger countries could avoid falling to communism. | Marshall Plan |
| A United States plan to help Greece and Turkey avoid falling to communism. Within this doctrine, President Truman said America would aid any free people (country) fighting against communism. | Truman Doctrine |
| The Soviet Union built a concrete wall around the Eastern communist controlled section of Berlin. The wall became the ultimate symbol of the Cold War. The purpose of the wall was to keep people from escaping to the Western (free) sector of Berlin. | Berlin Wall |
| Military alliance formed by the United States and allies to provide security in the event of an attack by the USSR. | NATO |
| Military alliance formed by the USSR with other communist countries from Eastern Europe. | Warsaw Pact |
| Cuban exiles in the United States were trained by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro and his communist regime. President Kennedy's biggest failure - at the last moment JFK called back the air support and the mission failed. | Bay of Pigs |
| US spy planes took photos of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. JFK approved naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be dismantled and removed. The USSR remove the missiles - the US removed missiles from Turkey and promised not to invade Cuba. | Cuban Missile Crisis |
| the first artificial satellite was launched by the USSR on October 4, 1957. As a result the United States began to emphasize science and math in education. NASA was formed. | Space Race |
| period of time after WW II until the early 1960s, millions of babies were born in the United States | Baby Boom |
| name for the popular form of music that teens were listening to in the 1950s. | Rock N Roll |
| (1896) Supreme Court decision that created the "separate but equal" doctrine. | Plessy vs Ferguson |
| (1954) Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that all public schools should be desegregated with all deliberate speed. "Separate can never be equal." | Brown vs Board of Education |
| (1966) Supreme Court decision - a suspect must be made aware of his or her rights when arrested. "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law..." | Miranda v. Arizona |
| (1973) Supreme Court decision that gave women the right to choose. | Roe v. Wade |
Created by:
jdiaz111