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Chapter 10
Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Civil Liberties | Protections against government actions. For example, the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens the right to practice whatever religion they please. Government, then, cannot interfere in an individual's freedom of worship. |
Civil Rights | Refers to positive actions the government should take to create equal conditions for all Americans. |
Free Speech | Three types of free speech... 1. Pure speech... 2. Speech-Plus... 3. Symbolic Speech |
Pure Speech | The verbal expression of thoughts and opinions before a voluntary audience. The courts have generally provided strong protection of pure speech from government regulation. |
Speech-Plus | Involves actions, such as demonstrating or protesting, as well as words. Not generally protected as strictly as pure speech because actions can be physically dangerous. Demonstrators may not obstruct traffic, endanger public safety, or trespass illegally |
Symbolic Speech | Technically involves no speech at all, but it involves symbols that the courts have judged to be forms of free expression. |
1. The Supreme Court has interpreted the 4th Amendment to allow the police to search the following | 1. The person arrested.. 2. Things in plain view of the accused person.. 3. Places or things that the arrested person could touch or reach or are otherwise in the person's "immediate control".. |
2. The Supreme Court has interpreted the 4th Amendment to allow the police to search the following | 4. Property where there is strong suspicion that a person could be in immediate danger |
Americans may lose their citizenship in three ways | 1. Expatriation, or giving up one's citizenship by leaving the United States to live in and becoming a citizen of another country.. 2. Punishment for a federal crime, such as treason.. 3. Fraud in the naturalization process |
The Rights of Aliens | 1. Property ownership.. 2. Business ownership. 3. Enrollment in public schools.. 4. First Amendment freedoms.. 5. Due process rights |