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Electrical Currents
Electrical Currents Glossary Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acupuncture-like TENS | Acupuncture-like TENS =low rate TENS. Long-duration, high-amplitude pulses used to control pain |
| Anode | The positive electrode |
| Burst mode TENS | TENS using burst mode current |
| Conventional TENS | Conventional TENS =high rate TENS. Short duration, low-amplitude pulses used to control pain |
| Cathode | The negative electrode |
| Charge | Charge (Q) is measured in Coulombs (C)One of the basic properties of matter:either electrically neutral= no charge,or negative (-), or postively (+) chargedCharge is equal to current x time. Q =It |
| Current density | The amount of current delivered per unit area |
| Electrical current | The movement or flow of charged particles through a conductor in response to an applied electrical field. Current is noted as I and is measured in amperes (A) |
| Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) | Application of an electrical current directly to muscle to produce a muscle contraction |
| Functional electrical stimulation (FES) | Application of an electrical current to produce muscle contractions during a functional activity. Ex: E-stim of dorisflexion during the swing phase of gait |
| Galvanotaxis | The attraction of cells to an electrical charge |
| Gate control theory | A theory of pain control and modulation that states pain is modulated at the spinal cord level by inhibitory effects of nonnoxious afferent input |
| Impedance (Z) | measured in Ohms. The total frequency -dependent opposition to current flow. Describes the ratio of voltage to current more accurately than resistance because the effects of capacitance and resistance are included |
| Iontophoresis | Therapeutic delivery of ions thru the skin using an electrical current |
| Low rate TENS | Low rate TENS =acupuncture-like TENS.Long duration, hig amplitude pulses used to control pain |
| Motor point | usually over the middle of muscle belly. The spot where e-stim creates the greatest contraction with the least amt of electricity |
| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) | Application of an electrical current to motor nerves --> contractions of the ms they innervate |
| Ohm's law | Voltage equals current x resistance V =IR |
| Overload principle | The greater the load placed on a muscle and the higher the force of contraction --> the stronger the muscle becomes |
| Phase | For pulsed current: the period from when the current starts to flow to when it stops or changes in the other direction |
| Biphasic pulsed current | 2 phases: flows in one direction, switches and flows in other direction (start of 2nd phase) 2nd phase ends when current stops flowing |
| Polarity | Charge of an electrode with positive (anode) or negative (cathode) with a direct or monophasic pulsed current & constantly changing with an alternating or biphasic pulsed current |
| Pulse | In pulsed current, the period when current is flowing in any direction |
| Resistance (R) | measured in Ohms. A material's opposition to the flow of electrical current. |
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS | Application of electrical current through the skin to modulate pain |
| Voltage (V) | Voltage =potential difference. measured in volts (V).Force or pressure of electricity; the difference in electrical energy between 2 points --> moves charged particles between these 2 points |
Created by:
ladylore
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