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LS CAP
Child and Adolescent Psychology Cumulative
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Developmental theories are directed towards the research goal of: | description. |
| John Locke's (1690) tabula rasa metaphor implies that the newborn infant has: | no ideas because it has not yet had experiences. |
| The child actively participates in its own development, according to the philosophical doctrine of: | philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). |
| NOT among the several shortcomings of interviews or questionnaires? | Self-report techniques generate lots of data. |
| Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget favored this method in his developmental research with children: | the clinical method. |
| The correlational design is WEAKEST at: | identifying which variable causes changes in the other. |
| Ecological validity will be LOW when: | kids behave differently in laboratory experiments than in natural everyday situations. |
| In cross-sectional studies, problems with cohort effects will be especially strong when: | the cohorts differ widely in age. |
| The confidentiality principle of research ethics requires that this information be kept secret: | subjects' names and individual results |
| The Freudian personality entity that emerges as children internalize parental moral standards and values is the: | superego. |
| Piaget asserted that every child progresses through the stages in the same order, skipping none and repeating none. This is the _____________ principle. | invariant developmental sequence |
| "Human behavior has evolved from other related species; we humans are essentially naked apes." This statement would be endorsed by: | ethologists. |
| The correct movement path sequence of the ovum/zygote, from earliest to last? | ovary :: fallopian tube :: uterus |
| The DNA molecule has a special ability to: | duplicate itself. |
| A pair of "daughter cells" is created when: | a cell divides through mitosis. |
| Cellular mitosis: | continues throughout the lifespan. |
| Mendel's experiments on the inheritance of dominant vs. recessive traits in pea seeds showed that: | the offspring's traits are not merely blends of parents' traits. |
| Suppose that, in a twin design family study, the average trait similarity within identical twins was no higher than for fraternal twins. The same environment was applied shared within all twin pairs. This outcome implies that: | heritability is low. |
| Among several twin studies, the average concordance rate for schizophrenia with identical twins was: | 0.48 |
| Asthma is common in Arizona, because patients have moved to AZ for its dry climate. This migration shows a(n) ______ genotype/environment correlation. | active (niche building) |
| The highest-sensitivity periods for teratogenic injury to the developing organism are finished by about ____________ weeks into the pregnancy. | twenty |
| The mother's rubella infection has its worst teratogenic effects on the preborn child when the infection occurs: | during the first trimester. |
| For a broad range of diseases that affect the preborn child, the most consistent effect is: | miscarriage. |
| To avoid the risk of alcohol-related FAS or FAE disorders, pregnant women are advised to: | totally abstain from alcohol during pregnancy. |
| A pregnant woman tells her neighbor, "I know about fetal alcohol syndrome, and I've reduced my drinking. I now drink moderately with friends." Her social drinking: | can cause symptoms of fetal alcohol effect (FAE), despite her moderation. |
| Exposure to heavy metals (mercury, antimony, lead, or zinc) is known to yield all of these effects: a. d. faster learning. | physical deformities, impaired physical health, and mental retardation. |
| The primitive reflexes are similar because each of them: | withers away during the first months following birth. |
| Baby is most attentive to stimulation during the _____________________ infant state. | alert inactivity |
| Infants' frequency of crying is greatest at the age of: | birth to three months. |
| As the body matures, which body part increases its number of bones? | hand/wrist |
| When compared with nonwhite children from Asia, South America, or Africa, Caucasian (white) children tend to: | mature slower but grow to taller height. |
| The predictable appearance of motor skills in a fixed sequence, regardless of culture or practice experience _____ the maturational viewpoint on skills. | supports |
| "We learn motor skills through practice; if this practice is lacking, then skills will be deficient." This describes the ______________________ hypothesis. | experiential |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: ULNAR GRASP is to PINCHER GRASP as __________________________ is to _______________________. | PRIMITIVE :: SKILLFUL |
| If your hand were injured and you lacked a thumb, you would be disabled in performing the: | pincer grasp |
| Which person is LEAST at risk of contracting AIDS? | Rapunzel, a promiscuous teen girl who hates condoms; Pete, a Hispanic adolescent in a southwestern city; Jack, an African American teenager from an urban ghetto; or, HAYSEED, A WHITE FARM BOY (the last choice is right) |
| Today, the incidence of teenage pregnancy is higher in: | California than Canada, North Dakota, or most European countries. |
| _______________________________ is a hormone that is LEAST involved with the adolescent growth spurt. | Thyroxine |
| For girls, the occurrence of skeletal maturity is an excellent predictor of the onset of: | catch-up growth |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: OBESITY is to MARASMUS as ______________________ is to _____________________. | EXCESS :: DEFICIENCY |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: KWASHIORKOR is to MARASMUS as ___________________________ is to ___________________________. | PLUMP :: SKINNY |
| Deprivation dwarfism and failure to thrive are similar because both conditions: | relate to emotional deprivation and sparse affection. |
| In Fantz's looking chamber experiment, how did the researcher determine the baby's preferred visual object? | by measuring which target object the baby stared at most. |
| Are young infants capable of habituation, a simple type of learning? | Yes, even without intention to learn. |
| In newborns, the sense that is least developed, and is least similar to adult senses, is: | vision. |
| Subjective contours of nonexistent patterns are constructed mentally from partial features of other objects. These are seen by children as young as: | three months old. |
| As compared with pictures of real people, cartoon faces: | show features with higher contrast. |
| A slogan of intermodal perception would be, | "Gather information about the object from any source." |
| Intermodal perception has been demonstrated in children as young as: | one month of age, |
| Research on intermodal perception (e.g., Bahrick) indicates that: | once both senses are sufficiently mature, children show immediate intermodal transfer. |
| What declines during classically conditioned extinction? | the CR |
| ________________________ refers to the activity of knowing and acquiring knowledge. | Cognition |
| In Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, the basic goal of intelligence is to: | adapt to the environment. |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy ASSIMILATION is to ACCOMMODATION as ___________________ is to ____________________. | STABILITY :: CHANGE |
| DOES NOT exemplify symbol use? | Habituation |
| The child's understanding that something can stand for something else is called: | representational insight. |
| A simpler term that means about the same as "representational insight" would be: | awareness of symbol use. |
| Children's stories that make objects or materials come alive with humanlike properties encourage ____________________________ thinking. | animistic |
| Young preschoolers may become frightened by Halloween masks and costumes because they: | do not yet understand the appearance/reality distinction. |
| The preoperational principle called centration means that the child: | attends to each object's single most salient feature. |
| A criticism of Piaget was that he did not distinguish competence from performance. This implies that: | real competence might not be shown on particular tests. |
| Statistical "factor analysis" is applied in intelligence testing to: | identify the separate abilities measured by the test. |
| The statistical procedure called ________________ is used to identify the separate abilities assessed by a test. | factor analysis |
| In Carroll's (1993) hierarchical theory, memory span, perceptual speed, and language vocabulary are at: | the lowest (third) stratum |
| The person's familiarity with material from which intelligence items are derived reflects the: | experiential component. |
| In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the person's improved information processing with experience reflects ________ of experiential components. | automation |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: For intelligence tests, INDIVIDUAL TEST is to GROUP TEST as _____________ is to ___________________. | PRESCHOOLER :: ADULT |
| Measure of infant performance known to predict later IQ of preschoolers or gradeschoolers? | rate of habituation to repeated stimuli |
| Kinship correlations of IQ increase when their biological relatedness increases. This fact supports the view that intelligence is influenced by: | heredity. |
| Terman's longitudinal study of intellectually gifted schoolchildren showed that, in the long run, they were:highly successful in | various aspects of life. |
| The positive correlation between IQ scores of unrelated children reared in the same home shows the influence of: | their shared environmental experiences. |
| When intelligence is assessed with culture-fair tests: | white kids still earn higher scores than black kids. |
| The motivational factor in IQ testing refers to how: | strongly a child works hard to excel during the test. |
| A longitudinal study of ethnic group differences in IQ (Brooks-Gunn, et.al., 1996) showed that ethnic disparities between blacks and whites | reveal a social class effect. |
| Cuddles is a house dog. When a stranger approaches the front window, Cuddles is unsure whether it is "friend or foe." But when her master growls at the stranger, the dog growls too. Cuddles demonstrates that she: | does social referencing. |
| What is the correct developmental sequence for emotional understanding, from earliest to latest? | discriminate facial expressions/social referencing/empathic responding |
| Male shyness is: | a disadvantage in the USA but an advantage in China. |
| Identify a situation that will provoke only mild or moderate feelings of separation anxiety in an infant? | Separation that occurs when parent leaves home for the day. |
| The notion of "internal working models" is especially fruitful for understanding: | the long-term stability of attachment styles. |
| In recent years, many orphans from _________________ institutions have been adopted by American families. | Romanian |
| A chimpanzee was reared in a cage, with trap-doors behind all objects. Whenever the chimp touched an item, it disappeared. Being reared here would _________ object permanence and/but _________ the sense of personal agency. | weaken/strengthen |
| Children with _______________________________ are severely deficient at discerning what others are thinking about. | autism |
| The evaluative dimension of self-concept is called: | self-esteem. |
| Kids who are high achievers and are most successful have parents who apply the __________________________________ parenting style. | authoritative |
| African American teenagers tend to do well in school achievement when: | their parents and middle class black peers encourage school success. |
| Prior to the age of seven, many children's attitudes about achievement is summarized as: | "I can do anything, and can do it well." |
| Behavior that is intended to harm others who avoid the harm, is called: | aggression. |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION is to HOSTILE AGGRESSION as ___________ is to _____________. | MEANS :: GOAL |
| Ruffus is a bully who wears a t-shirt that says, "I don't get mad, I get even." Getting-even means: | retaliatory aggression. |
| Which parent is most likely to have an aggressive child? | Bill, a married black middle class professional; Woongooroo, a member of New Guinea's Arapesh tribe; Soccermom, a white housewife in a wealthy suburb; or CLEM, A WHITE VAGRANT IN AN URBAN SLUM (the last choice is right). |
| Nursery school children often act out prosocially with kindness: | during pretend play. |
| "I'll help dig out the survivors of the terrorist bombing because, that way, I'll be pictured on national TV." This prosocial reasoning is at Eisenberg's: | hedonistic level. |
| A girl imagines that an unknown boy shown on TV will feel lonely and sorry because he just lost both parents during a terrorist attack. The girl experiences: | sympathetic empathic arousal. |
| During a disaster, a doctor refuses to rest because she feels obliged to do all that she can to save more victims. Her efforts are motivated by: | feeling responsibility |
| A married man who cheats on his wife, committing adultery, is particularly WEAK on this character dimension of moral maturity: | dependability-loyalty |
| Reasoning by verbal analogy: In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, THE ID is to SUPEREGO as ___________________ is to __________________. | IRRATIONALITY :: MORALITY |
| When heteronomous gradeschoolers challenge the authority of parents or teachers, the children tend to oppose: | social-conventional rules but not moral rules. |
| The child may become injured physically if the parental disciplinary technique called __________________________ gets out of control. | power assertion |
| Bowlby's ethological theory states that separation anxiety develops in young children because: | separation is a natural clue to danger. |
| Ainsworth's (1979) caregiving hypothesis states that: | the infant's attachment style depends on the quality of care received from the caregiver. |
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