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Ancient Rome
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Etruscan influence on architecture to Rome. | The influences that the Etruscans gave to the Romans in architecture was the cuniculus. It was a trench that brought water to irrigated land and required less material to build. They also used arches to build large bridges, aqueducts, and stadiums. |
| Etruscan influence on sporting events in Rome. | The influences from the Etruscans were slave fighting and chariot racing. In slave fighting, two slaves fought to the death in a large arena. In chariot racing, chariots would race around a large circular track. Some charioteers got trampled by the horses |
| How did the Romans change the ideas of the Etruscans? | The Romans used the Etruscans ideas very well. They used the cuniculus to build many aqueducts. They used the slave fighting and the chariot racing as entertainment and flocked many Romans to arenas to enjoy the show. |
| Greek influence on Roman architecture. | They used their architecture to build the Colosseum or the Flavian Amphiteater. They also built their own public building using cement, concrete, and marble. |
| Greek influence on Roman writing. | The Greek alphabet was first originally changed by the Etruscans and then was given to the Romans. They wrote in all capital letters, carved important documents, made laws, and carved inscriptions on to walls. |
| Greek influence on Roman art. | They made pottery, black figures out of red clay, carved gods and heroes, Greco-Roman art, and some imitations of their technique. They made realistic statues, generals, and important people into art sculptures. |
| Greek influence on Roman mythology. | They performed rituals and sacrificed for the gods and created stories all about them. |
| How did the Romans change the ideas from the Greeks? | They mostly changed their mythology from the Greeks. They named their gods after planets and reduced the amount of story telling that went on. The Romans continued to modify the alphabet that was used in Rome. |
| The Etruscan rule | During the years of 616 and 509 B.C.E., there were two classes, the Patricians and the Plebeians. The Patricians, although having a smaller population, ruled the land and used the Plebeians as their slaves. |
| The Etruscan overthrow | The overthrow of the Etruscans is surrounded by a myth. Two princes and Lucius Junius Brutus visit the Oracle of Delphi to see who will be the next king. The Oracle says the man to kiss the mother. Lucius trips and kisses the ground. Is declared King. |
| The Birth of the Republic | In 509, the Patricians rebel against King Tarquinius, driving him out of Rome. They soon began a new form of government which was much more democratic. |
| Conflict of the Orders | The Plebeians had been getting angry at the Patricians for having to fight in a war that they had no part in. In 494 BC, the Plebeians marched out of the city to camp on a nearby hill. |
| Equality between the Patricians and the Plebeians is reached | There were many protests made by the Plebeians during their time on the hill. In total 4 protests helped the Plebs reach fair rights in Rome. After 200 years, the Plebeians got equal power from the Patricians. |
| 1st Protest | They created a Council of the Plebs for Plebeians to make laws only for the Plebs, not the Pats |
| 2nd Protest | In 451 BC, laws were written down and called the "Twelve Tables" and placed in Roman forum. |
| 3rd Protest | In 367 BC, one of the consuls had to be a Pleb. Former consuls could also be senators so the Plebs could also take part in the Senate as well. |
| 4th Protest | In 287 BC, Plebs gained right to pass laws for all of the Romans. The assemblies could pass or reject the laws, nominate consuls, tribunes, and senators. |
| Gauls | Gauls originally from modern day France. In 390 BCE, Gauls invade from the North, and looted and burned Rome. |
| Carthaginians | Carthaginians originally from modern day Tunisia. During the years 264 to 146 BC, the Romans fought with them in the Punic Wars. Carthage ends up in destruction and ruin when the Romans burn it down in 146 BC. |
| 1st Punic War | Began in 264 BC, fought at sea although the Carthaginians had a stronger navy. In 241 BC, the Romans took over Sicily and many other islands. |
| 2nd Punic War | In 218 BCE, 23 years after the 1st Punic War ended, the 2nd Punic War began. Hannibal, a strong leader, made the risky journey through Europe to get to Rome. In 202 BC, the Romans attack Carthage and defeats Hannibal in battle. |
| Third Punic War | Carthage gives Spain lots of money as a debt of loss from the 2nd Punic war. In 149 BC, it starts and ends 3 years later with the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC. |
| Hannibal | A young general and leader from Carthage, he ends up hiking through Spain, Gaul, and the Alps to attack Rome during the Punic Wars. After being defeated in Carthage, he runs away as a fugitive and commits suicide. |
| Julius Caesar | Was a general wanting power. Fought Pompey and won. Was crowned dictator for life by the government. Introduced reforms like public works projects and gave public gladiatorial events for free. Was stabbed to death 23 times by fellow senators. |
| Octavian(Augustus) | Caesar's grandnephew, defeated Marc Antony in Actium in 31 BC. Killed himself with his spouse Cleopatra. He restored the power of the senate. Encouraged education, art, and literature. Invented police, built harbors and canals, punished unfaithful people. |
| Pax Romana | Augustus made the Mediterranean at peace and called a peace for 200 years. Also called the Roman peace. |
| 1st pd. of Expansion- Important People | The Patricians and Plebeians- Lucius Junius Brutus |
| 2nd pd. of Expansion- Important People | Hannibal, Senator Cato |
| 3rd pd. of expansion- Important People | Spartacus, Pompey, Julius Caesar, Brutus, |
| 4th pd. of expansion- Important People | Octavian, Marc Antony, Cleopatra |
| Sequence of events - 1st pd. | 493 BC: signed peace treaty with Latins 390 BC: Gauls invade and burn Rome 275 BC, Rome's conquest of the Italian Peninsula |
| Sequence of events- 2nd pd | 264 BC-241 BC: First Punic War 218-202 BC: 2nd Punic War 149-146 BC- 3rd Punic War |
| Sequence of events 3rd pd. | 91 BC: Rome allows all Italians to be citizens 73 BC: Spartacus leads slave revolt 44 BC: Julius Caesar stabbed |
| Sequence of events 4th pd. | 31 BC: Octavian beats Marc Antony in Actium |
| Land gained- 1st pd. | Italian peninsula |
| Land gained- 2nd pd. | Spain, Gaul, the Alps, Carthage, Macedonia, Sicily |
| Land gained 3rd pd. | Asia Minor, Gaul, Northern Africa, Egypt, and Syria |
| Land gained- 4th pd. | Assyria, Syria, Egypt, Britain, the Carpathian Mountains |
| Jesus of Nazareth | Born in 4 BC, stressed a personal relationship with God. Loved friends and enemies. Was crucified. |
| Why did they crucify Jesus? | Because Roman authorities felt Jesus would lead the Jews in a revolt against their rule, |
| Why did they persecute other Christians? | They refused to worship their emperor as a god and honor him with sacrifices. |
| Emperor Constantine the Great | Claimed that he saw the cross above battlefield that said "In this sign, conquer". He converted to Christianity when throned. Issued Edict of Milan in 313 CE, which granted freedom of worship to all citizens of Rome, told of his religion on death bed. |
| Emperor Theodosius I | Emperor who made Christianity the religion of the empire in 391 CE. Banned old religions, and closed temples. Built large churches around the city. |
| Events leading to end of Pax Romana | 1. Diocletian splits up empire into east and west. 2. AD 293, establishes Rule of Four 3. Rule of Four collapses in 324 CE, and civil war breaks out until Constantine wins the battle. |
| Conflicts within and outside Rome weakens empire | Civil war inside the country while the Germanic tribes, the Berbers, and the Persians attacked on the frontiers of the empire. |
| Why did the Roman empire split into two empires? | The emperor Diocletian didn't want to have to worry about all of the borders being secure so he split the empire into two rulers and more protection. |
| What brought the western empire to an end? | In 410 AD, the Visigoths capture Rome, and then again by the Vandals, and then again by the Germanic leader Odoacer. Clovis established France. Lombards, Angles, and Saxons take over Italy. |
| Byzantium and roman culture | capital of the Byzantine empire. 527 AD, Justinian I, tried to spread Roman culture throughout the empire. Christianity spread through the whole empire. Used many roman ideas. |
| Constantinople/Istanbul and roman culture | Constantine the Great made the city of Constantinople. Was a very good trading center being in the middle of two water sources, was easy to defend and had trade routes. |
Created by:
Tennisfan17
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