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Org Bvr. Ch. 12
Organizational Behavior 13e chapter 12
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Group | Any number of people who share goals, often communicate with one another over a period of time, and are few enough so that each individual may communicate with all the others, person to person. |
Task Group | Created by management to accomplish certain organizational goals. |
Friendship Group | Evolves informally to meet its member' personal security, esteem, and belonging needs. |
Informal Group | One that develops out of the day-to-day activities, interactions, and sentiments that the members have for each other. |
Team | A small number of employees with complementary competencies who are committed to common performance goals and working relationships for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. |
Team Empowerment | Refers to the degree to which its members perceive the group as having potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, and impact. |
Potency | being competent and able to accomplish work-related tasks |
Meaningfulness | performing important and valuable tasks |
Autonomy | having choice |
Impact | experiencing a sense of importance and significance in the work performed and goals achieved. |
Forming Stage | Members focus on defining or understanding goals and developing procedures for performing their tasks. |
Storming Stage | Conflicts over work, relative priorities of goals, who is responsible for what, and the directions of the team leader. |
Norming Stage | Work behaviors evolve into a sharing of information, acceptance of different opinions, and positive attempts to make decisions that may require compromise. |
Performing Stage | Members have come to trust and accept each other. To accomplish tasks, diversity of viewpoints is supported and encouraged. |
Adjourning Stage | The termination of task-related behaviors and disengagement from interpersonal behaviors occur during this stage. |
Functional Team | Includes employees who work together daily on similar tasks and must coordinate their efforts. |
Problem-solving Team | A team that has members who focus on a specific issue, develop a potential solution, and can often take action within defined limits. |
Cross-Functional Team | A team that has members drawn from various work areas whose goal is to identify and solve mutual problems. |
Self-Managed Team | A team with highly interdependent members who work together effectively on a daily basis to manufacture an entire product (or major identifiable component) or provide an entire service to a set of customers. |
Virtual Team | A team with members who collaborate through various information technologies on one or more tasks while geographically dispersed at 2 or more locations and who have minimal face to face interaction. |
Global Team | Has members from a variety of countries who are separated significantly by time, distance, culture and language. |
Context | The external conditions within which a team works. |
Informal Leader | An individual whose influence in a team grows over time and usually reflects a unique ability to help the team reach its goals. |
Team Goals | The outcomes desired for the team as a whole. |
Superordinate goals | Two or more individuals, teams, or groups might pursue but can't be achieved without their cooperation. |
Collective Efficacy | A team's or group's shared perception of its capability to successfully perform specific tasks. |
Task-Orientated Role | Involves facilitating and coordinating work-related behaviors and decision making. |
Relations-Orientated Role | Involves fostering team-centered attitudes, behaviors, emotions, and social interactions. |
Self-Orientated Role | Involves the person's self centered attitudes, behaviors, and decisions that are at the expense of the team or group. |
Fault Lines | The process by which teams divide themselves into subgroups based on one or more attributes. |
Norms | The rules and patterns of behaviors that are accepted and expected by members of a team or whole organization. |
Compliance Conformity | Occurs when a person's behavior reflects the team's desired behavior because of real or imagined pressure. |
Personal Acceptance Conformity | The individuals behavior and attitudes are consistent with the team's norms and goals. |
Cohesiveness | The strength of the members' desire to remain in a team and their commitment to it. |
Groupthink | An agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group or team decision making and poor decisions. |
Illusion of Invulnerability | Creates excessive optimism and encourages extreme risk taking. |
Collective Rationalization | Discounts warnings that might lead the members to reconsider their assumptions before committing themselves to major policy decisions. |
Unquestioned Belief | Leads the members to ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions. |
Stereotypical Views | View other groups as too stupid or evil to negotiate with or counter to defeat their purpose. |
Direct Pressure | Exerted on any member who expresses strong arguments against any of the team's illusions, stereotypes, or commitments. |
Self -Censorship | Reflects the inclination of members to minimize the importance of their doubts and not present counterarguments. |
Shared Illusion of Unanimity | Reinforced by the false assumption that silence implies consent. |
Self-Appointed Mind-Guard | Serves to protect the team from adverse information that might shatter the shared complacency about the effectiveness and morality of their decision. |
Free Rider | An individual who obtains benefits from membership but does not contribute much to achieving the team's goals. |
Sucker Effect | Refers to one or more individuals in the team deciding to withhold effort in the belief that others (the free riders) are planning to withhold effort. |
Bad Apples Effect | Refers to negative team or group members who withhold effort, express negative feelings and attitudes, and violate important team norms and behaviors. |