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Respiratory Phys 9
WVSOM -- Respiratory System under Stress
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does ventilation change with increased arterial Pco2? | Increased ventilation |
| Which chemoreceptors are mainly stimulated? | central chemoreceptors |
| How does ventilation change in hypoxia? | increased ventilation |
| Which chemoreceptors are mainly stimulated? | peripheral chemoreceptors |
| What happens to Inspired PO2 with increase in altitude? | drops |
| What happens as barometric pressure drops? | PIO2 drops |
| What is the barometric pressure at the top of Mt. Everest? | 43mmHg |
| Does PO2 drop with altitude? | no it is just less dense so only Inspired PO2 is decreased |
| What 4 things help us acclimate to high altitude? | hyperventilation, polycythemia, O2 dissociation curve and circulatory changes |
| How does Hyperventilation help with high altitudes? | There is an increase in Alveolar PO2 by decreasing the PAco2. You basically blow off more CO2 |
| How does ventilation increase in two stages during alveolar hypoxia? | Arterial and CSF pH correction allows ventilation to increase further. Alkalosis then limits hyperventilation. |
| What are the effects of acute mountain sickness are attributable to hypoxemia and alkalosis? | headach, dizziness, palpations, fatuge, nausea, loss of appetite and insomnia |
| What is polyctyhemia? | increase in red blood cells |
| How does polycythemia help in high altitude? | helps normalize blood O2 content |
| How is polycythemia bad? | Increased viscosity |
| What happens to the O2 dissociation curve at high altitude? | Shifts left |
| What happens to the O2 disassociation curve at moderate altitude? | Curve shifts to the right so that it is more willing to release O2 |
| What systemic changes happen at high altitude? | more capillary formation and mitochondrial enzyme expression to maintain the gradient |
| What happens to pulmonary circulation at high altitudes? | Hypoxic vasoconstriction which is not helpful. It happens all over the lung instead of localized |
| What happens with prolonged breathing of pure O2? | it is toxic. Person has convulsions, pulmonary edema and decreased vital capacity |
| Why can breathing pure oxygen be toxic? | It splints N2 and causes absorption atelectasis |
| What is absorption atelectasis? | Pure O2 will cause wash out all the N2 in your alveoli and blood and there will be a much longer partial pressure that will lead to airway collapse |
| How does Hyperbaric O2 useful in CO poisoning? | Increased barometric pressure with increased PIO2 will lead to an increased dissolved O2 in the blood |
| What does Nitrogen and sulfur oxides do to the lung? | causes inflammation |
| What does ozone do to the lung? | causes extra edema in the lung |
| What do hydrocarbons do to the lung? | carcinogenic |
| Why is CO bad? | it binds to hemoglobin so O2 can’t |
| Where do large particles deposit in the lung? | nasopharynx. They are removed by swallowing |
| Where does does sedimentation deposit in the respiratory system? | they are medium particles that deposit in small airways |
| Where do small particles deposit in the lungs? | alveoli |
| What is coal miners pneumoconiosis? | deposition of coal dust in respiratory bronchioles |
| What does cigarette smoke do to the lungs? | increased resistance |
| What does the ductus arteriosus do? | shunts blood away from the lungs. |
| Why is blood shunted away from the lungs in an embryo? | lungs do not need blood because no diffusion is going on. |
| What is the purpose of the foramen ovale? | directs oxygenated blood to the heart and blood |
| Why is placental gas exchange NOT efficient? | The blood flows haphazard around and the blood supply is in parallel so oxygenated blood mixes with de-oxygenated blood |
| What are the respiratory changes at birth: switching from placental to lung gas exchange? |
Created by:
tjamrose
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