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MGMT 467
Chapter 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Leadership Style | The combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers. |
Autocratic Leadership Style | Makes the decisions, tells employees what to do, and closely supervises workers. |
Democratic Leadership Style | Encourages participation in decisions, works with employees to determine what to do, and does not closely supervise employees. |
University of Michigan Leadership Model | Consists of 2 leadership styles: job centered and employee centered. |
Job-Centered Leadership Style | Refers to the extent the leader takes charge to get the job done. |
Employee-Centered Leadership Style | Refers to the extent the leader focuses on meeting the human needs of employees while developing relationships. |
Ohio State University Leadership Model | Identifies 4 leadership styles: low structure and high concentration, low structure and low concentration, high structure and low concentration, and high structure and high concentration. |
Initiating structure behavior | Focuses on getting the job done. |
Consideration Behavior | Focuses on meeting people's needs and developing relationships. |
Leadership Grid | Identifies 5 leadership styles |
Impoverished Leader | Low concern for both production and people. |
Authority-Compliance Leader | Has high concern for production and a low concern for people. |
Country-club leader | Has high concern for people and a low concern for production. |
Middle of the road leader | Has a balanced, medium concern for both production and people. |
Team Leader | Has a high concern for both production and people. |
Motivation | Anything that affects behavior in pursuing a certain outcome. |
Motivation Process | People go from need to motivate to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction. |
Content Motivation Theories | Focus on explaining and predicting behavior based on people's needs. |
Hierarchy of Needs | Proposes that people are motivated through 5 levels of needs- physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. |
Two Factor Theory | Proposes that people are motivated by motivators rather than maintenance factors. |
Maintenance (extrinsic) factors | Motivation that comes from outside the person and job itself. |
Motivators (intrinsic) factors | Motivation comes from within the person or job itself. |
Acquired Needs Theory | Proposes that people are motivated by their need for achievement, power and affiliation. |
Process Motivation Theories | Focuses on understanding how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs. |
Equity Theory | Proposes that people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs. |
Expectancy Theory | Proposes that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task, they will get the reward, and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort. Motivation= expectancy x instrumentality x valence. |
Expectancy | The person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective, self efficacy. |
Instrumentality | Refers to belief that the performance will result in getting the reward. |
Valence | Refers to the value a person places on the outcome or reward. |
Goal-Setting Theory | Proposes that specific, difficult goals motivate people. |
Writing objectives model | Are (1) to + (2) action verb + (3) singular, specific, measurable result to be achieved + (4) target date. |
Reinforcement Theory | Proposes that through the consequences for poor behavior, people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways. |
Positive Reinforcement | A method of encouraging behavior is to offer attractive consequences (rewards) for desirable performance. |
Negative (avoidance) reinforcement | Taking away something negative for doing a desired behavior. |
Punishment | Provide an undesirable consequence for an undesirable behavior. |
Extinction | Quit doing the consequence so the behavior stops. |
Continuous reinforcement | Each and every desired behavior is reinforced. |
Intermittent Reinforcement | The reward is given based on the passage of time or output. |
Giving Praise Model | 4 steps for giving praise to an employee. |