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Operating Systems
Chapter 10 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Partition | Primary partition on the Hard drive that boots the OS. Also called System Partition |
| Automated System Recovery | Windows Process that allows you to restore an entire hard drive, volume, or logical drive to its state at the time the backup of the volume was made |
| Boot Partition | Hard drive partition where the Windows OS is stored. |
| Cluster | Also Called File Allocation Unit. A group of whole sectors on a hard drive. |
| Compact Disc File System (CDFS) | 32 bit file system for CD discs and some CD-R and CD-RW discs. See Universal Disk Format (UDF) |
| Complete PC Backup | A utility in Windows Vista that can make a backup of the entire volume on which Windows is installed. Can back up other volumes as well. |
| Defragment | Rearrangement of file fragments or parts on the drive so each file is stored on the drive in contiguous clusters. |
| Disk Cleanup | A utility to delete files on a hard drive. Primarily used to help create more space on the hard drive. |
| Dynamic Disk | A way to partition one or more hard drives so that the drives can work together to store data to increase space, provide fault tolerance, or improve performance. See RAID |
| Dynamic Volumes | A volume type used with dynamic disks to create a single volume that uses space on multipul hard drives. |
| Elevated Command Prompt Window | A windows command prompt window that allows commands that require administrative privilages |
| Extended Partition | The only partition on a hard drive. Windows can have only one extended partition. |
| File Allocation Table (FAT) | A table on a Hard drive or disk used by the FAT file system which tracks the clusters used to contain files. |
| File Allocation Unit | See Cluster. A group of whole sectors on a hard drive. |
| File System | The overall structure that an OS uses to name, store and organize files on a disk. |
| Formatting | See High-Level Formatting. Process performed by Windows. Process creates boot record, file system, and root directory on a hard drive, volume, or logical drive, floppy disk, or USB drive. |
| Fragmented Files | files that have been written to different portions of the disk so that it is not in contiguous clusters. |
| Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GUID or GPT) | A partitioning system installed on a hard dive that can support 128 partitions and is recommended for drives larger than 2TB. |
| Hardware RAID | More reliable and better performing than software RAID. Is implemented using the BIOS on the motherboard or a RAID controller card. |
| High-Level Format | Process performed by Windows. Process creates boot record, file system, and root directory on a hard drive, volume, or logical drive, floppy disk, or USB drive. |
| initialization Files | Text files that keep hardware and sofltware configuration information, user preferences, and application settings. Used by the OS when first loaded and when needed by hardware, applications, and users. |
| Logical Drives | a portion or all of a hard drive. Extended partition that is treated by the OS as though it were a physical drive or volume. |
| Low Level Formatting | Process, usually done at the factory, that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on the disk surface. |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | The first sector on a hard drive which contains the partition table and program the BIOS uses to boot an OS from the drive. |
| Master File Table (MBT) | The database used by the NTSF file system to track the contents of a volume or logical drive. |
| Mirroring | A windows XP technique to provide falut tolerance whereby one hard drive duplicates another hard drive. |
| Mount Point | a folder that is used as a shortcut to space on another volume, which effectively increases the size of the folder to the size of the other volume. |
| Offline Files | Files stored on the client side caching folder (CSC). Allows users to work with files in the folder when the comuter is not connected to the network. |
| PageFile.sys | The name of the file used for Virtual Memory. |
| Partition | A division of a hard drive that can hold a volume. Using the MBR system Widnows can support up to 4 partitions on one hard drive. |
| Partition Table | A table, contained in the MBR, at the beginning of the hard drive that contains information about each partition on the drive. |
| Primary Partition | A hard disk partition that can contain only one volume. In Windows a hard drive can have 3 primary partitions. |
| Quick Format | A format procedure, used to format a hard drive volume or other drive, that does not scan the volume or drive for bad sectors: use only when a drive has been previously formatted and is healthy. |
| RAID (Redundant Array of Independant or Inexpensive Disks) | Methods of configuring multiple hard drives into a single partition. To increase space and performance. |
| RAID 0 | Data is written evenly across all volumes. Windows refers to this as a "Stripped Volume" |
| RAID 1 | Data is written from one drive to a second drive. Used for fault tollerance. Windows refers to this as a "Mirrored Volume" |
| Registry | A database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration information, user preferences, and setup information. |
| Restore Point | A snapshot of the Windows system usually made before installation of new hardware or applications. |
| Sector | On a hard drive, the smallest unit of bytesaddressable by the opperationg system and BUIOS. One sector equals 512 bytes. |
| Shadow Copy | A copy of Open files made so that open files are included in a backup. |
| Simple Volume | A type of volume used on a simple Hard Drive. |
| Slack | Unused space at the end of the last cluster. Wasted free space. |
| Software RAID | Using Windows to implement RAID, using the disk management utility. |
| Striping | See RAID. Methods of configuring multiple hard drives into a single partition. To increase space and performance. Data is written evenly across all volumes. Windows refers to this as a "Stripped Volume" |
| System Image | Includes the entire hard drive, or partition, in which Windows resides on |
| System Partition | The active partition of the hard drive containing the boot record and the specific files requried to start the Windows launch. |
| System Protection | A utility that automatically backs up system files and stores them in restore points on the hard drive at regular intervals and just before you install software or hardware. |
| System Restore | A windows utility used to restore the system to a restore point. |
| System State Data Track | in Windows XP files that are necessary for a successful load of the operating system. |
| Universal Disc Format (UDF) | A connectionless TCP/IP protocol that works at the OSI Transport layer and does not require a connection to send a packetor guarantee that the packet arrives at its destination. Commonly used for broadcasting to multiple nodes on a network or internet. |
| User Profile | A collection of user data and settings. consists of User folder and subfolders, and Ntuser.data |
| Virtual Memory | Physical memory set aside for pagefile swapping. |
| Volume | A primary partition that has been assigned a drive letter and can be formatted with a file system such as NTSF. |
| Wildcard | An * or ? character used in a command line that represents a character or group of characters in a file name or extention. |
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