Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Renal Phys 1
WVSOM -- Renal Phys -- Functional anatomy and basic processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 7 functions of the kidney? | regulation of water and electrolyte balance, excretion of metabolic waste, excretion of bioactive substances, regulation of arterial pressure, regulation of rbc production, regulation of vit D production, gluconeogenesis |
| What are the medullary pyramids? | collecting ducts in the medulla of the kidney which gives a striped pyramid-like appearance |
| What does the cortex of the kidney look like? | granular outer region |
| What is the medulla look like? | darker inner region |
| What does the cortex contain? | glomeruli |
| What is the difference between the cortex and medulla? | cortex have glomeruli |
| What are the types of nephrons? | Superficial nephrons, mid-cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons |
| Where are juxtamedullary nephrons at? | border of the cortex and medulla |
| What are loops like on the Juxtamedulalary nephron? | very long that extend into the medulla |
| How are superficial nephrons different form the juxta-medullary nephron? | The superficial nephron has a low pressure peritubular capillary attached to the high resistant efferent while the juxta-medullary nephron has an efferent hairpin loop and vasa recta after the glomerulus |
| What is the renal corpuscle? | contains the glomerulus surrounded by a ballon-like hollow capsule |
| What is the glomerulus? | tuft of interconnected capillary loops inside the renal corpuscle |
| What is the bowman’s capsule? | ballooon like hollow capsule of the renal corpuscle |
| What is bowman’s space? | fluied filled space within bowman’s capsule where the fluid is filtered |
| What are the 3 layers of the filtration barrier? | capillary endothelium, glomerular basement membrane and the layer of epithelial podocytes |
| What is the first layer of the glomerulus capillary? | capillary endothelium |
| What does the capillary endothelium allow passage of? | blood cells and platelets |
| What are filtration slits? | Spaces between the pedicles of the podocytes |
| What re slit diaphragms? | bridge the slits between pedicles |
| What is the role of glycoporteins and podocytes? | Glycoproteins have a negative charge. They cover the podocytes and filtrations slits, and favors the filtration of positively charged solutes. |
| What kind of charge is the basement membrane and epithelial podocytes covered with? | negative charges |
| What does the overall anatomical arrangement of the filtration barrier allow? | passage of large volumes of fluid but restricts filtration of large plasma proteins like albumin |
| What makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | Extraglomerular matrix, macula densa of distal tuble and the granular cells |
| What is the extraglomerular matrix? | glomerular capillary loops that are supported by a network of mesangial cells. |
| What do mesangial cells secrete? | the extracellular matrix |
| Where is the JGA? | where the afferent arteriole kisses the renal corpuscle |
| What happens when mesangial cells contract? | the decrease the surface area of the capillary membrane |
| What is the macula densa? | specialized epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb where it contacts is glomerulus |
| What does the macula densa do? | salt dectors and contribute to the control of the GFR |
| What is GFR? | glomerular filtration rate |
| What are granular cells? | specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole. |
| What do granular cells do? | production, storage and regulation of release of rennin |
| What does the JGA control? | renal blood flow and GFR, Na+ balance and systemic blood pressure |
| What innervates the kidney? | sympathetic, no real parasympathetic |
| What does freely filtered mean? | when a substance is present in the filtrate at the same concentration found in the plasma |
| What is Glomerular filtrate? | fluid that has passed from the blood into bowman’s capsule. |
| What is the make up of glerular filtrate? | mostly like plasma except that it contains very little total protein |
| What is the glemerular filtration rate? | The volume of filtrate formed per unit of time |
| What is the normal GFR? | 180 L/day |
| What is filtrated and reabsorbed? | Na, clucose, AA….most ions… |
| What are filtered and secreted? | urea and K+ |
| What is just secreted? | PCN, Morphine and Creatine |
| What does the proximal tubule do? | reabsorbs 2/3 of the filtered water, Na, Cl and all organic substances that need to be conserved and secretes some wastes and some drugs |
| What organic substances does the proximal tuble reabsorb? | glucose and amino acid |
| What is an example of what proximal tubules secrete? | PCN, morphine and urate |
| What does the distal tuble and connecting tubule do? | reabsorb some small additional salt and water. |
| What regulates the kidney filtration? | aldoesterone and ADH |
| What does aldosterone do? | increase Na absorption; increase K secretion |
| What does ADH do? | increase water reabsorption |
| With aldosterone present, do you have more Na present in the final urine or less? | less |
| With ADH present, is the final urine more concentrated or dilute? | concentrated |
| What do sympathetic regulate in regards to renal function? | RBF, GFR, release of rennin |
| What do adrenal hormones and aldosterone regulate in the kidney? | Na and K excretion |
| What hormone is secreted from the heart? | ANP, atrial natriuetic peptide |
| What does ANP do? | increased Na excretion |
| Where is ADH secreted from? | pituitary |
| What does the Loop of Henle do? | reabsorbs ~20% of the filtered Na and Cl and ~10% of filtered H2O from the lumen |
Created by:
tjamrose
Popular Physiology sets