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Human Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Changes in DNA sequence... | Mutation |
| An allele whose frequency in increased due to its advantages in a given environment... | Natural selction |
| Frequencies of alleles are measured in these... | population |
| The maintenance of two alleles for a given trait in a population due to the selective advantage in the heterozygote condition... | Balanced polymorphism |
| Having two copies of the same allele in a given gene... | Homozygote |
| An endemic disease in many tropical environments caused by a parasite carried by mosquito... | Malaria |
| A deleterious disease whose frequency is increased due to its advantage in malarial environments... | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| An allele that can mask the appearance of another... | Dominant |
| Random changes in gene frequencies in populations... | Genetic Drift |
| An allele whose gene product is not produced when a dominant is present... | Recessive |
| Binomial Nomenclature: | A system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant is named. First the genus and second being the species. (ex. Homo-sapiens) |
| Catastrophism: | Vast geological changes in the earth were caused by catastrophes rather than gradual evolutionary changes. (ex. Dinosaurs extinction by meteor) |
| Christian Theology: | Theistic evolution is not a scientific theory, but a range of views about how the science of general evolution relates to religious beliefs in contrast to special creation views. (ex. God created man, evolution allowed men to form.) |
| Evolution: | The process by which changes in plants and animals happen over time. |
| Hypothesis | An idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion. |
| Theory: | The general principles or ideas that relate to a particular subject. |
| Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: | Is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism (such as the enlargement of a muscle through repeated use) may be transmitted to offspring. |
| Georges Cuvier: | He divided the Animal Kingdom on the basis of anatomy into four phyla of equal rank (vertebrates, mollusks, echinoderms, and arthropods). |
| Scala Naturae and the Great Chain of Being: | God, Angels, Humanity, Animals, Plants, and Minerals |
| Taxonomy: | The branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics. |
| Uniformitarianism: | The theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes. |
| Amino Acid: | Any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group, –NH 2, and one carboxyl group, –COOH: the alpha-amino acids, RCH(NH 2)COOH, are the building blocks from which proteins are constructed. |
| Chromosome: | Any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs, designated 1 to 22 in order of decreasing size and X and Y for the female and male sex chromosomes respectively. |
| Crossing Over: | The interchange of corresponding chromatin segments of homologous chromosomes with their linked genes. |
| DNA: | The main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms |
| Independent Assortment: | Formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes one of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently of each other pair. |
| Meiosis: | A type of cell division in which a nucleus divides into four daughter nuclei, each containing half the chromosome number of the parent nucleus: occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms in which haploid gametes or spores are produced. |
| Mitosis: | A method of cell division, in which the nucleus divides into daughter nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. |
| MRNA: | The process in a cell by which genetic material is copied from a strand of DNA to a complementary strand of RNA (called messenger RNA) |
| TRNA: | Transports amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis. Also called transfer RNA . |
| Protein Synthesis: | The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA |
| Sex Chromosome: | A chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual. |
| Recombination: | The formation of new combinations of genes, either naturally, by crossing over or independent assortment, or in the laboratory by direct manipulation of genetic material. |
| Transcription: | Synthesized from a DNA template during transcription,where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. |
| Rickets: | A disease of childhood, characterized by softening of the bones as a result of inadequate intake of vitamin D and insufficient exposure to sunlight |
| Folate: | A salt or ester of folic acid. |
| Bergmann's Rule: | Principle that states that within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions |
| Allen's Rule: | The rule says that the body shapes and proportions of endotherms vary by climatic temperature by either minimizing exposed surface area to minimize heat loss in cold climates or maximizing exposed surface area to maximize heat loss in hot climates. |
| Linnaeus: | Taxonomy |
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