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Chapter 4
Vocab, P.I.R.A.T.E.S, Chronology Ch.4 Per.1 (3500-500 B.C.E)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CITADEL | a fortress, typically on high ground, protecting or dominating a city |
| HARAPPAN(1) | The Harappan lived in a village in Pakistan...site of successive cities of the Indus valley civilization -lived in a Bronze Age and their culture flourished in the Indus valley; first early civilization, circa 2600 BCE |
| VENERATED | To regard with respect |
| PANTHEON | An ideology |
| ARYANS(3) | Herding people; spoke an Indo-European language; settled into Indus Valley in large numbers, 2600 B.C.E |
| RIG VEDA | A collection of some 1,028 hymns dedicated to gods; complied between 1400 and 900 B.C.E. |
| INDRA | A God; chief deity of Aryans |
| RAJA | A leader of chiefdoms; governed in collaboration with a council of village elders |
| CASTE SYSTEM | Determined the places that individuals and groups occupied in society; status |
| VARNAS | The four castes in the Hindu caste system |
| BRAHMINS | A priests |
| KSHATRIYAS | Warriors and aristocrats |
| VAISHYAS | Cultivators, artisans, and merchants |
| SHUDRAS | Landless peasants and serfs |
| "LAW BOOK OF MANU" | A work that dealt with proper moral behavior and social relationships, including sex and gender relationships |
| BRAHMAN | Human beings that participate in a larger cosmic order and forms a small part of a universal soul (according to the Upanishads) |
| DOCTRINE | A document with beliefs or set of beliefs |
| KARMA | A cynical ideology designed to justify the social inequalities imposed by the caste system |
| DRAVIDIAN (2) | The people that lived in the Indus Valley before the Aryans;native civilization(circa 2600 BCE) |
| Political (HARAPPAN) | Unknown-unaccesible evidence |
| Interactions w/ environment (HARAPPAN) | *Agricultural -cultivated wheat and barley *Indus valley *Industry = textiles *Irrigation Canals |
| Religion (HARAPPAN) | *Polytheist nature gods; fertility goddess important *Priests in villages had high importance |
| Art & Architecture (HARAPPAN) | *citadel *large granary *roads *temples |
| Technology (HARAPPAN) | *ceramics *gate *steatite bead making |
| Economics (HARAPPAN) | *trade -materials, cultivation |
| Society (HARAPPAN) | *declined complex society of Dravidians |
| Political (ARYANS) | *Clan system *King and local rulers(king had to protect his subjects, property, defense and maintenance of peace) *Many City states *Patriarchal/Patrilineal *Subjected women to control *Guidance from men *Spoke Sanskrit |
| Interactions w/ environment (ARYANS) | *Nomadic people *Domesticated the horse *Herding *Cultivated (agriculture) |
| Religion (ARYANS) | *Indian gods still worshipped *Aryans brought new gods and Scriptures (Vedas) *Ritual/ethics sacrifices -rewards/offerings to gods |
| Art & Architecture (ARYANS) | *cities built from bricks *drain system *multileveled homes *iron tools |
| Technology (ARYANS) | *iron tools -advanced weaponry *chariots *Bow and arrow |
| Economics (ARYANS) | *Pastoral *Small self-sufficient agricultural communities *Iron Technology used for farm tools -increased food production (rice) *Weapons *Barter system (common) |
| Society (ARYANS) | *Caste system *nomadic *arrogance ^4 varnans -bramins (priests) -kshstriyas (warriors and aristocrats -vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, merchants) -shudras (landless peasants and serfs) |
| Political (DRAVIDIAN) | *City states *Governed by Priest Kings -democratic |
| Interactions w/ environment (DRAVIDIAN) | *agriculture/cultivated native lands |
| Religion (DRAVIDIAN) | *similar to aryans *reincarnation and circle of life |
| Art & Architecture (DRAVIDIAN) | *Temples w/ pyramid shaped towers -constructed from sandstone |
| Technology (DRAVIDIAN) | *iron tools -swords, spears, shields, bows, silambam |
| Economics (DRAVIDIAN) | *rich culture society |
| Society (DRAVIDIAN) | *4 varnans -bramins (priests) -kshstriyas (warriors and aristocrats -vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, merchants) -shudras (landless peasants and serfs) |
| Chronology | 8000-7000 BCE -Beginnings of agriculture(South Asia) |
| Chronology | 2500-2000B.C.E. -High point of Harappan society |
| Chronology | 1900B.C.E. -Beginning of Harappan decline |
| Chronology | 1500B.C.E. -Beginning of Aryan migration to India |
| Chronology | 1500-500B.C.E. -Vedic age |
| Chronology | 1400-900B.C.E. -Composition of the Rig Veda |
| Chronology | 1000B.C.E. -Early Aryan migrations into the Ganges River valley |
| Chronology | 1000B.C.E. -Emergence(varna distinctions) |
| Chronology | 1000-500B.C.E. -Formation of regional kingdoms(northern India) |
| Chronology | 800-400B.C.E. -Composition of the principal Upanishads |
| Chronology | 750B.C.E. -Establishment of first Aryan cities in the Ganges valley |
| Chronology | 500B.C.E -Early Aryan migrations to the Deccan Plateau |
Created by:
biannca2019
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