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Vocabulary
Term | |
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Heredity | The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Trait. | The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Purebred | Bred from parents of a same breed or variety. |
Hybrid | An offspring that is born with parents who are not purebred. |
Offspring | The product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child. |
Gene. | The basic unit of heredity. |
Alleles | One member of a pair of genes. |
Dominant | An allele that is going to produce a characteristic, even beside a recessive allele. |
Recessive | A designated allele that does not present a characteristic when next to a dominant allele. |
Phenotype | The physical appearance of an organism. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Homozygous | Having the same set of genes, like BB. |
Heterozygous | Having two different types of gene. |
Codominance | Relating to two different alleles that are fully expressed in a heterozygous organism. |
Meiosis | Meiosis is where it divides a cell up into four pieces each with half the amount of DNA is Mitosis. |
Haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Mutations | a change of the structure of a gene |
Insertion | The process of putting something into something else. |
Deletion | The absence of something needed in a genetic material from a gene or chromosome. |
Substitution | |
Sex-linked gene | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait. |
Sex chromosome | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female. |
Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
Pedigree | A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
Selective breeding | The process of breeding two animals for desirable characteristics. |
Inbreeding | The breeding of closely related individuals. |
Hybridization. | The breeding of closely related individuals. |
Clone | An organism bred from the parent that looks genetically alike |
Genetic Engineering | To modify the characteristics of an organism |
Gene therapy | To put healthy genes in place of defective or missing genes. |
Endocytosis | The process where a cell membrane moves large molecules using energy. |
Diffusion | Any substance other than water moving from high concentration to low concentration. |
Osmosis | The Diffusion of water. |
Exocytosis | Where a cell membrane moves large molecules out of the cell using energy. |
Karyotype | The chromosomes of a cell in descending order of size. |