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Vocabulary

Term
Heredity The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring.
Trait. The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring.
Purebred Bred from parents of a same breed or variety.
Hybrid An offspring that is born with parents who are not purebred.
Offspring The product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child.
Gene. The basic unit of heredity.
Alleles One member of a pair of genes.
Dominant An allele that is going to produce a characteristic, even beside a recessive allele.
Recessive A designated allele that does not present a characteristic when next to a dominant allele.
Phenotype The physical appearance of an organism.
Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism.
Homozygous Having the same set of genes, like BB.
Heterozygous Having two different types of gene.
Codominance Relating to two different alleles that are fully expressed in a heterozygous organism.
Meiosis Meiosis is where it divides a cell up into four pieces each with half the amount of DNA is Mitosis.
Haploid cells A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Diploid cells A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Mutations a change of the structure of a gene
Insertion The process of putting something into something else.
Deletion The absence of something needed in a genetic material from a gene or chromosome.
Substitution
Sex-linked gene A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
Carrier A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.
Sex chromosome A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female.
Genetic disorder An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
Pedigree A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
Selective breeding The process of breeding two animals for desirable characteristics.
Inbreeding The breeding of closely related individuals.
Hybridization. The breeding of closely related individuals.
Clone An organism bred from the parent that looks genetically alike
Genetic Engineering To modify the characteristics of an organism
Gene therapy To put healthy genes in place of defective or missing genes.
Endocytosis The process where a cell membrane moves large molecules using energy.
Diffusion Any substance other than water moving from high concentration to low concentration.
Osmosis The Diffusion of water.
Exocytosis Where a cell membrane moves large molecules out of the cell using energy.
Karyotype The chromosomes of a cell in descending order of size.
Created by: Savannah.Godwin
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