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NFL Ch.3 vocab
Term | Definition |
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Kilocalorie | The unit used to measure the energy value of food. |
Digestion | The process by which the body breaks down food, and the nutrients in food, into simpler parts for use in growth, repair, and maintenance. |
Enzyme | A complex protein produced by cells to speed a specific chemical reaction in the body. |
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract | A muscular tube leading from mouth to the anus though which food passes as it is digested. |
Mastication | Chewing. |
Peristalsis | A series of squeezing actions by the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that helps move food through the tract. |
Gastic Juices | A mixture of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus produced by the stomach that helps digest food. |
Chyme | A mixture of gastric juices and food formed in the stomach during digestion. |
Bile | A digestive juices produced by the liver to aid fat digestion. |
Feces | Solid wastes that result from digestion. |
Absorption | The passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory or lymphatic system. |
Villi | Tiny, fingerlike projections that cover the wall of the small intestine. |
Metabolism | All the chemical changes that occur as cells produce energy and materials needed to sustain life. |
ATP ( adenosine triphosphate) | The storage form of energy in the body. |
Food Allergy | A reaction of the immune system to certain proteins found in foods. |
Food Intolerance | An unpleasant reaction to a food that does not cause an immune system response. |
Diarrhea | Frequent expulsion of watery feces. |
Constripation | A condition that occurs when the feces become massed and hard in the large intestine, making expulsion infrequent. |
Indigestion | A difficulty in digesting food. |
Heartburn | A burning pain in the middle of the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus. |
Ulcer | An open sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine caused by a bacterium. |
Gallstones | Small crystals that form bile in the gallbladder. |
Diverticulosis | A disorder in which many abnormal pouches form in the intestinal wall. |