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Integumentary
Burns (PTA)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superficial Burn | -Outer Epidermis -red, slight edema -no scarring |
| Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn | -Epidermis + Upper Dermis -extreme pain with blisters -minimal to no scarring |
| Deep Partial-Thickness Burn | -Epidermis + most of Dermis -discolored, broken blisters, edema -moderate pain (damage to nerve endings) -hypertrophic scars & keloids |
| Full-Thickness Burn | -Epidermis+Dermis+ Subcutaneous fat(partial) -minimal pain, eschar -require grafts & susceptible to infection |
| Subdermal Burn | -Epidermis + Dermis + Subcutaneous fat layer -involve muscle & bone -require surgery |
| Thermal Burn | -Conduction or Convection I.e. steam, fire, hot liquid |
| Electrical Burn | -Entrance & Exit Wound I.e. Lightening Complications: cardiac, respiratory, renal, neuro., fractures |
| Chemical Burn | -Chem. reaction continues until diluted I.e. gasoline, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, lye |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body are the entire HEAD & NECK? (adult/young child) | Adult: 9% Child: 17% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ANTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the POSTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ENTIRE TRUNK? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 36% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 9% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ENTIRE ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the LEFT ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 4.5% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the GENITAL REGION? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 1% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the (B) ANTERIOR LEG & FOOT?(adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 18% |
| According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the RIGHT POSTERIOR LEG & FOOT? (adult/young child) | Adult & Child: 9% |
| Zone of Coagulation | -Most severe injury -Irreversible cell damage |
| Zone of Stasis | -Less severe injury -Reversible damage -Surrounds Zone of Coagulation |
| Zone of Hyperemia | -Will fully recover -Presents with Inflammation -Surrounds Zone of Stasis |
| Ideal Positioning of the NECK | extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the SHOULDER | External rotation Flexion, aBduction <90 degrees |
| Ideal Positioning of the ELBOW | Extension, Supination |
| Ideal Positioning of the WRIST | Extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the HAND | MCP flexion IP extension Thumb opposition |
| Ideal Positioning of the HIP | extension, neutral rotation 20 degrees aBduction |
| Ideal Positioning of the KNEE | full extension |
| Ideal Positioning of the ANKLE | dorsiflexion, neutral eversion/inversion |
| Allograft (homograft) | temporary skin graft from another human (cadaver) |
| Autograft | permanent skin graft from pt’s own body |
| Heterograft (xenograft) | temporary skin graft from another species (pig) |
| Mesh Graft | altered to cover larger surface area |
| Sheet Graft | transferred directly from donor site to recipient site |
| Split-Thickness Skin Graft | only a superficial layer of the dermis + the epidermis |
| Full-Thickness Skin Graft | dermis + epidermis |
| Dermis | vascular; below epidermis; contains: hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands |
| Epidermis | superficial avascular; allows for hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands |
| Donor Site | healthy skin taken & used as a graft |
| Recipient Site | site that has been burned and requires a graft |
| Eschar | necrotic/nonviable tissue resulting from deep burn; hard, dry, abnormal, black |
| Escharotomy | surgical removal of eschar…done to enhance CIRCULATION |
| Z-plasty | surgical procedure to eliminate scar contracture…”z” incision allows scar to lengthen |
| Hypertrophic scarring | abnormal/disorganized scar formation; raised, firm scar with no pattern |
| Normotrophic scarring | scar with organized collagen fibers that align in a parallel fashion |
| Pressure Garments | sustained pressure to improve structure of a scar; worn 22-23 hrs/day up to 2 yrs. |
Created by:
s1234
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