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Am Gov 15-16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oct. 29, 1929 | Date of the New York stock market crash |
| Great Crash | The collapse of the American stock market in 1929 |
| Business Cycle | Fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production |
| Speculation | Hypothesis that an investment that is very risky could yield great profits |
| Bank Run | A financial crisis in which a large number of customers simultaneously attempt to withdraw their money from a bank out of fear that the bank will close |
| Depression | A long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low process and low levels of trade and investment |
| Great Depression | The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930'a |
| Hooverville | Shelters for the homeless people during the Depression made of cardboard or scrap materials |
| Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages |
| Black Blizzards | Dark skies created when strong winds pick up and carry large amounts of topsoil |
| Barter System | Exchange in which goods or services are graded directly for other goods or services without the use of money |
| Penny auctions | Foreclosure auctions at which farmers would bid very small amounts of money on land and machines in order to help their neighbors |
| Hoover Blanket | Using a piece of newspaper as a blanket |
| 21st. Amendment | Ended prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th Amendment |
| Empire State Building | Office building in New York City. over on thousand feet high. Opened in the 1930's it was for many years the tallest skyscraper in the world |
| John J Raskob | Corporate leader who made statements encouraging Americans to make risky investments |
| Agriculture Marketing Act | Proposed by Hoover in 1929, established first major govern. program to help farmers maintain prices, a federally sponsored Farm Board would make loans to national marketing cooperatives or establish cooporations to buy surplus thus raising prices |
| Boulder Dam | Now Hoover Dam in Arizona, built to create jobs and provide electricity, public project, makes Lake Mead |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | Charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | Independent agency of the US Government. Granted over $2 billion to local and state govern. Created under Pres Hoover's administration. |
| Home Loan Bank Act | Law passed by Congress and signed by Pres. Hoover to make loans available to farmers and homeowners |
| Bonus Army | WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash |
| Douglas McArthur | Commander of the U.S. forces in the Pacific, fought to recapture the Philippines, but lost his command in the Korean War |
| FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) | Pres. of U.S. during Depression and WWII Instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, only president in U.S. history elected to 4 terms |
| New Deal | Name of Pres. Roosevelt's program for getting the U. S. out of the depression |
| Polio | Viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord |
| Warm Spring Georgia | Where Pres. Roosevelt went to live during his time with Polio thinking it would cure this disease |
| Fireside Chats | Informal talks given by FDR over the radio, sat by White House fireplace, gained confidence of the people |
| First Hundred Days | Benchmark period for assessing a new president's performance, based on the first three months of FDR's presidency, when he gained passage of more than a dozen major bills as part of his new deal agenda |
| African Americans | Largest non-English group in the colonies |
| Social Security Act | Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance&care for dependent mothers and children and the handicapped |
| American Liberty League | Conservative anti-New-Deal organization criticized dictatorial policies of FDR and what it perceived to be his attack on the free enterprise system |
| Members of American Liberty League | Alfred Smith, John W. Davis, Du Pont family |
| Bolshevism | Radical revolutionary movement under Lenin which seized power in Russia in 1917, Promoted an anti-capitalist philosophy, supported world revolution and class ware fare. Fueled the RED SCARE in 1919 |
| Demagogues | Person, especially an orator or political leader, who gains power and popularity by arousing the emotitions, passions, and prejudices of the people |
| Father Coughlin | Critic of the New Deal, created the National Union of Social Justice, wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the bank system |
| Huey Long | Louisiana Senator who opposed FDR's New Deal and came up with a "Share the Wealth", wanted to give $5K to all families, was later assasinted |
| Recession | Absence of economic growth |
| Revenue | The entire amount of income before any deductions are made |
| Committee for industrial Organization | New union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National labor Relations Board |
| John L Lewis | Long-time labor leader who organized and led the first important unskilled workers labor union, called in to represent union during sit-down strike |
| Sit Down | A strike in which workers stopped working, but refused to leave the building |
| Soap Operas | Nickname of TV shows that were often sponsored by makers of laundry soaps |
| Double feature | Two films on the same bill |
| Wizard of Oz | 1939 movie that was an instant hit during the Depression because it allowed people to forget their troubles and focus on musicals and characters in an entirely different world |
| Mickey Mouse | Fictional character in an animated film strip created by Walt Disney |
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