Help
Options
Question
Which of the following statements regarding viruses is false?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages?
Remaining cards (101)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 15-18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following statements regarding viruses is false? | A virus is generally considered to be alive because it is cellular and can reproduce on its own. |
| Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages? | Hershey and Chase |
| One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a | phage |
| When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia Coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm? | only the DNA |
| The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that | a dru is injected with a hypodermic needle. |
| The monomers of DNA and RNA are | nucleotides |
| Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false? | DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil |
| Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false? | RNA uses the sugar dextrose |
| The shape of a DNA molecule is most like | a twisted rope ladder |
| Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is always true? | The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine |
| DNA replication | uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand |
| If one strand of SNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be | GCCATG |
| When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains | 50% of the parent DNA |
| Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand? | DNA polymerase |
| Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? | Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule |
| Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? | DNA--RNA--protein |
| The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called? | transcription |
| The "one gene-one polypeptide" theory states that | the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide |
| Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are | three-nucleotide sequences |
| The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of _________ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule. | 3 |
| We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of | 5 amino acids |
| A base substitution mutation in a gene does not always result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this? | The fact that some amino acids are specified from more than one codon |
| Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA? | RNA polymerase |
| Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA? | initiation of a new RNA molecule |
| ___________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop. | A terminator |
| Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells? | in the cytoplasm |
| Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true? | Exons are spliced together |
| Which of the following takes place during translation? | the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins |
| Which of the following options most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation? | codon recognition--peptide bond formation--translocation--termination |
| Which of the following statements regarding the flow of genetic information is false? | Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. |
| Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called? | a mutation |
| Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation? | The doe did not eat |
| Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a reading frame mutation? | The dod idn ote at. |
| A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n) | mutagen |
| Which of the following features characterizes the lytic cycle of a viral infection? | The cycle typically leads to the lysis of the host cell. |
| Which of the following statements is false? | The lysogenic cycle typically results in the rapid lysis of all infected cells. |
| Viral DNA incorporated into host cell DNA is known as a(n) | prophage |
| Which of the following statements regarding viral diseases is false? | Very few new human disease have originated in other animals because the genetic differences are too great. |
| What will be the most likely cause of a new avian flu pandemic like that 1918-1919 flu pandemic that killed approximately 40 million people worldwide? | easy viral transmission from person to person |
| What kind of virus is HIV? | a retrovirus |
| Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template? | reverse tanscriptase |
| HIV does the greatest damage to | white blood cells |
| How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them? | by altering the plants' growth |
| Which of the following statements about the treatment of prevention for a prion infection is true? | There is no known treatment or cure for prion infections |
| In the 1920's, Frederick Griffith conducted an experiment in which he mixed the dead cells of a bacterial strain that can cause pneumonia with live cells of a bacterial strain that cannot. When he cultured the live cells, some of the daughter colonies pro | transformation |
| Transduction | occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. |
| Conjugation | is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another |
| Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are all ways that bacteria | increase their genetic diversity |
| When a bacterial cell with a chromosome-borne F factor conjugates with another bacterium, how is the transmitted donor DNA into the recipient's genome? | It is substituted for the equivalent portion of the recipient's chromosome by the process of crossing over |
| In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on | R plasmids |
| Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F-) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F+) would typically produce which of the following results? | The F- bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome. |
| A functional F factor that is an R plasmid must contain all of the following elements except | a site for making the proteins needed for conjugation. |
| Which of the following human activities has contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having R plasmids? | heavy use of antibiotics in medicine and in agriculture |
| Which of the following statements about the problems created by cloning is false? | Cloned animals live longer compared to naturally bred animals |
| The fact that the nucleus from an adult somatic cell can be used to create all of the cell types in a new organism demonstrates that development depends upon | the control of gene expression |
| The term "gene expression" refers to the | process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins |
| A gene operon consists of | transcribed genes, an operator, and a promoter |
| In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related functions along with their addicted control sequences, defines | an operon |
| The lac operon in E. Coli | prevents lactose-utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is absent from the environment |
| Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called | activators |
| The lac operon of E. Coli is __________ when the repressor is bound to lactose. | active |
| The expression of the tryptophan operon is controlled by | a repressor that is active when it binds to tryptophan |
| Which of the following is likely to occur in E. Coli cells that are grown in skim milk? | The trip repressor is activated and the cells will produce lactose-utilizing enzymes |
| A single cell, the zygote, can develop into an entirely new organism with many different specialized cells. Which of the following statements about this process is false? | Additional genetic information for the formation of specialized cells is passed on to the developing embryo via the placenta |
| The genes for the enzymes of glycolysis | are active in all metabolizing cells, but the genes for specialized proteins are expressed only in particular cell types. |
| Which of the following statements regarding DNA packing is false? | DNA packing tends to promote gene expression |
| The relationship between DNA and chromosomes is most like | thread wrapped around a spool |
| In female mammals, the inactive C chromosome in each cell | becomes a Barr body |
| The tortoiseshell pattern on a cat | results from X chromosome inactivation |
| Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell use _______ to turn certain genes on or off. | regulatory proteins |
| Enhancers are | the site on DNA to which activators bind |
| Silencers are sites on DNA that | bind repressor proteins to inhibit the start pf transcription |
| RNA splicing involves the | removal of introns from the molecule |
| The coding regions of a gene (the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called | exons |
| Which of the following permits a single gene to code for more than one polypeptide? | alternative RNA splicing |
| Small pieces of RNA that can regulate mRNA transcription are called | microRNA |
| miRNA can be used by | cells to prevent infections from double-stranded RNA viruses |
| Which of the following statements regarding RNA and proteins is false? | In eukaryotes, one gene controls the production of just one functioning protein. |
| All of the following mechanisms are used to regulate protein production except | DNA editing |
| The textbook authors' analogy between the regulation of gene expression and the movement of water through pipes includes all of the following except | the web of control that connects different genes |
| Which of the following mechanisms of controlling gene expression occurs outside of the nucleus? | translation |
| Which of the following statements about fruit fly development is false? | The location of the head and tail ends of the egg is primarily determined by the location of sperm entry during fertilization |
| A homeotic gene | serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells |
| Which of the following statements about microarrays is false? | Microarrays use tiny portions of double-stranded RNA fragments from a large number of genes. |
| To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the | plasma membrane |
| Transcription factors attach to | DNA |
| A signal outside a cell triggers changes in the transcription and translation inside the cell through the process of | signal transduction pathways |
| The basis of cellular differentiation is | selective gene expression |
| Most differentiated cells retain | a complete set of their genes, and retain the ability to express those genes under certain circumstances |
| The cloning of Dolly the Sheep | demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential |
| Which of the following mammals has not yet been cloned and brought through the complete gestation cycle? | human |
| Which of the following possible uses of reproductive cloning is still considered by most to be an unresolved ethical issue? | the production of genetically identical humans for therapeutic purposes |
| Adult stem cells have limited therapeutic potential | because their developmental potential is limited to certain tissues |
| A gene that can cause cancer when present in a single copt in a cell is called a(n) | oncogene |
| Which of the following statements about photo-oncogenes is false? | A mutation in a tumor-supressor gene can stop cell division immediately |
| Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to norma cells becoming cancerous? | one or more of the cell's genes being removed by a virus |
| Cancer of the colon is caused by | several somatic cell mutations |
| The development of colon cancer occurs slowly and is more prominent in the elderly than the young. This is most likely because | four or more somatic mutations must occur to giver rise to the center, which takes time |
| Mutations on the photo-oncogenes as and p53 | disrupt normal regulation of the cell cycle |
| Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to cancer by | turning off a gene for a protein that inhabits cell division |
| The carcinogen known to cause the most cases of cancer is | tobacco |
| Which of the following statements regarding cancer risk factors is false? | Mutagens are usually not carcinogens |
Created by:
mhobbins