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the courts vocab
Term | Definition |
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Dual Court System | The court system in the United States, consisting of one system of state and local courts and another system of federal courts. |
Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear and decide cases. |
Original Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case when its first brought to court. |
Appellate Jurisdiction | The power of a court to review a case for errors of law. |
General Jurisdiction | The power of a court to hear any type of case. |
Special Jurisdiction | The power of a court to hear only certain kinds of cases. |
Subject Matter Jurisdiction | The power of a court to hear a particular type of case. |
Personal Jurisdiction | A courts authority over the parties to a lawsuit. |
Writ of Certiorari | A written order, from the U.S. Supreme Court to a lower court whose decision is being appealed, send the records of the case forward for review. |
Writ of habeas corpus | An order from a court to an officer of the law to produce a prisoner on court to determine if the prisoner is being legally detained or imprisoned. |
Summary or Bench Trials | Trials without a jury |
Trial De Novo | A trial in which an entire case is reheard by a trial court of general jurisdiction because there is an appeal and there is no written transcript of the earlier proceeding. |
Due Process of Law | The procedures followed by courts to ensure that a defendant's constitutional rights are not violated. |
Incapacitation | The removal or restriction of the freedom of those found to have violated criminal laws. |
Punishment | The imposition of a penalty for criminal wrongdoing. |