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Enlightenment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Age of Enlightenment | An intellectual movement of the 16 & 1700's where people started to apply reason or logical thinking to society and government. |
| Social Contract Theory | An agreement between the government and it's people |
| Separation of Powers | an idea that each branch of government has different responsibilities so that one branch does not become to powerful |
| Philosophy | the study of the basic ideas about society, education, and right and wrong; basic beliefs, concepts and attitudes. |
| State of Nature | a positive condition of human existence that preceded social and political organization |
| John Locke | English philosopher who believed in the natural rights of Life, Liberty and Property. His ideas would later be used in the United States Constitution |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Believed in the idea of a social contract between the government and the people. |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed that humans by nature were selfish and nasty, so they needed a strong, absolute, almost monster like dictator. |
| Voltaire | Believed in civil liberties, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion and thought church and state should be separate; his ideas had a direct influence on the US Bill of Rights. |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Believed in separation of powers of the government into 3 branches - executive, legislative and judicial |
| What category of government dominated European society prior to the Age of Enlightenment? | Unlimited |
| The Age of Enlightenment caused many European governments to change from the _______________ category to ____________ category. | Unlimited to Limited |
| What are the basic rights that no one can take away called? | Natural Rights |
| What are the 3 natural rights that no government can take away? | Life, Liberty and Property |
| Popular Sovereignty | the idea that governments get their power from the people |
| Checks and Balances | the ability of one branch to limit the power of another branch, so none get to powerful. |
| What happens when government does not uphold the social contract? | the people can break away and start a revolution |
| Leviathan | a strong monster like leader |
| Salons | places where men and women gathered to discuss ideas on the Enlightenment |
| What are the three branches of government that Montesquieu fought for? | Executive, Legislative and Judicial |
Created by:
banana536
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