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Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of engines does the 777-300ER have and tell me some facts about it? | GE90-115B1 Produces 115,000 pounds of thrust Curled composite fan blades Twin Shaft 10 stage HP axial compressor/2 stage HP Turbine 3 stage IP compressor + Fan/ 6 stage LP turbine |
| How much Fuel does the 777-300ER hold and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 181,000 litres (145T) Fuel is held in a centre tank and two wing tanks. 351T |
| What type of engines does the 777-300 have and tell me some facts about it? | RR892 Produces 93,000 pounds of thrust. Three Shaft 6 Stage HP compressor/single stage HP turbine 8 stage IP compressor/single stage IP turbine Fan/5 stage LP turbine |
| How much Fuel does the 777-300 hold and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 171,000 litres (137T) 300T MTOW |
| What is a wide chord fan? | As it says a wide fan blade. They allow each blade to create more thrust. Requiring less blades. |
| What type of engines does the 777-200 have? and tell me some fact about it? | RR877 Produces 76,000 pounds of thrust. Three Shaft 6 Stage HP compressor/single stage HP turbine 8 stage IP compressor/single stage IP turbine Fan/5 stage LP turbine |
| How much Fuel does the 777-200 hold and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 117,000 litres (94T) 247T |
| What type of engines does the A340-300 have and tell me some facts about it? | CFM56-5C 32,000 pounds of thrust Two Shaft Fan and 4 stage LP compressor/4 stage LP turbine 9 stage HP compressor/1 stage HP turbine |
| How much fuel does the A340-300 hold and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 147,000 litres (113T) 276T MTOW Has wing tanks, a centre tank and a trim tank |
| What type of engines does the A330-300 have and tell me some facts about them? | RR772 71,000 pounds of thrust Triple shaft Fan/4 stage LP turbine 8 Stage IP compressor/ 1 stage IP turbine 6 stage HP compressor/ 1 stage HP turbine |
| How much fuel does the A330-300 have and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 98,000 litres (78T) 242T MTOW Centre tanks, Wing tanks and the trim tank |
| What type of engines does the 747-400 have? and tell me some facts about them? | RB211-524G 60,000 pounds of thrust Wide chord fan Triple shaft Fan/3 stage LP turbine 7 stage IP compressor/1 stage IP turbine 6 stage HP compressor/1 stage HP turbine |
| How much fuel does the A330-300 have and what tanks? What is the MTOW? | 217,000 litres (174T) 396T MTOW Centre tanks, wing tanks and trim tanks |
| Can you define balanced field length? | Balanced field length is when the TODR is equal to the ASDR |
| What is the difference between a fixed and variable pitch propeller? | A fixed propeller, which is almost on a single engine has a constant pitch. A variable pitch propeller generally changes the pitch to keep a constant RPM. |
| Explain CRM (Crew Resource Management)? | Crew Resource Management are procedures set to decrease human error and increase safety. It focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership and decision making in the cock pit. |
| Explain the aerodynamics of an aeroplane in a spin? | Spins occur when one wing stalls and the other doesn't. They usually occur because of incorrect rudder input during a stall. |
| Explain a Jetstream | A jet stream is a fast flowing current that controls a lot of the worlds weather. Most are westerly winds and are found near the tropopause. Caused by the meeting hadley cells mixed with coriolis effect. |
| Explain the 3 lines on a L/D chart? | Generally lift drag just comes down to drag. so the 3 lines are generally induced drag, parasite drag and total drag. |
| Explain Dutch roll? | Comes from weak directional stability and strong lateral stability. Because of this the yaw lags behind the roll and once back to straight and level the continuous yaw creates a roll in the opposite direction. |
| Explain Yaw dampers and why aircraft would have more than one? | Yaw dampers are used to reduce the rolling and yawing from dutch roll. Aircraft have more than one for redundancy. Series actuates the rudder independently and parallel gives pedal movement. |
| Explain EGPWS | Stands for Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning. It is used to stop pilots from CFIT. Adds GPS and a terrain database as inputs to ADC (mach and vertical speed), RadAlt, ILS (glideslope), Flaps, Gear |
| IAS vs TAS in a Climb? | At a constant IAS, TAS will rise. At a constant TAS, will drop. |
| What do vortex generators do at low airspeed? How do they help? | Vortex generators are used to re-energise the boundary layer therefore reducing induced drag, generally at lower airspeeds. |
| What is the lift formula? | L= 1/2p x V2 x S x CL p = Air density V = TAS s = Wing area CL = Coefficient of lift |
| How does an INS work? | It uses gyroscopes, accelerometers and inputs from other instruments to keep track of where the aircraft is. The IRS actually outputs information to the AH and DGs. |
| What does the IRS output info to? | Flight Deck Displays FMC Thrust Management Computer Autobrake Wx Radar Caution/Warn Systems ADC FDR |
| What is the relation ship between critical angle and lift? | Lift is greatest at critical angle. Critical angle being just before the stall point. |
| How many satellites are required for GPS | You need a minimum of 4 for en-route performance. |
| What are wing-tip vortices. | Wing tip vortices are created because of the pressure differential below and above the wing. the higher pressure air tries to join the lower pressure air above the wing by going around the wing-tips creating a disturbance. |
| What are frise type ailerons? | A type of aileron that when lifted the leading edge dips below to even out the drag created by the lowered aileron, reducing adverse yaw. |
| At FL350 descending into warmer air what happens to the Mach no and the IAS? | Descending into warmer air the speed of sound increases. therefore mach no should technically decrease. For the IAS the air at lower levels are more dense therefore the IAS should increase. |
| What happens to landing distance when the flaps are down? | With the flaps down the lift of the wing is increased and the plane is able to fly at lower speeds. Due to the lower speed the landing distance is decreased. |
| What is the ELR? | The Environmental lapse rate is the rate at which temperature decreases as you rise in altitude. The ICAO standard is 1.98 degrees per 1000ft |
| When does an aircraft stall? | A stall comes at a certain angle of attack, when the boundary layer is no longer flowing along the wing and lift is no longer created. |
| What is aspect ratio? | Aspect ratio the ratio of length to width of the wing. a high aspect ratio wing is a long thin wing and vica versa. |
| Lateral, normal and longitudinal axis? | Lateral axis is the axis the aircraft pitches along. Normal is the axis the aircraft yaws on. And the longitudinal axis the aircraft rolls on. |
| What is the headwind effect on the ROC. | Wind doesn't change the ROC. However a headwind would increase the AOC. |
| How does cloud form? | Cloud forms a number of ways: Convection is due to heat and less dense air. Orographic is when the air is forced to rise due mountains etc Frontal makes the air rise due to a cold or warm front Convergence due to different streams of air meeting |
| What happens when flying from High to Low pressure? | Flying from high to low pressure you will slowly be descending. But your altimeter will read the same. |
| What is QFE? | QFE is Field elevation. when the QFE is used in your altimeter it will show you your heigh above the aerodrome. |
| What is the angle of incidence? | The angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line (wing) and the longitudinal axis (fuselage) |
| What is 16kts in metres per second? | 8.23m/s |
| What type of clouds and distance does a warm front produce? | Generally warm fronts start a long way out around 500nms. Clouds are generally stratus type, beginning higher level and slowly as it gets closer the cloud drops down. |
| What type of clouds and distance does a cold front produce? | Generally cold fronts happen a bit closer 100nm or so. Clouds are generally cumulus type. |
| Where do you generally find clear ice? | Clear ice is normally found in warmer areas than rime and also in clouds with larger droplets. Therefore cumulus clouds and heavy rain clouds like Nimbo stratus have clear ice. |
| Where do you generally find rime ice? | Rime ice is generally found in colder temps than clear ice also they are generally formed from smaller droplets so stratus type clouds, and alto level clouds generally have rime ice. |
| How is advection fog formed? | Advection fog is formed when warm moist air moves into a colder area. A small amount of wind 5 - 15 knots is also required. |
| How is Radiation fog formed? | Radiation fog comes from overnight cooling. Generally requires a cloudless night and moist air with a small amount of wind. |
| What is sea fog? | Sea fog is similar to advection fog, but over the sea. warm moist air makes its way over cooler ocean. |
| What is the main energy source of a typhoon? | Typhoons are form when the temperature of the water is above 26 degrees, generally between 5 to 15 degrees from the equator and when there is a lifting mechanism. |
| When is typhoon season in Hong Kong? | June to Novmeber |
| What is an isothermal layer? | Iso meaning the same, Thermal meaning temperature. Its a layer of the same temperature. Something ot think about when it comes to mach no etc. |
| With regards to take off distance, what is a stopway? | A stop way is an area at the end of the runway that an aircraft can use in the event of a rejected take-off. It can be include in TODA and ASDA but not TORA. Stopway is included in clearway. |
| With regards to take off distance, what is a clearway? | A clear way is a clear area after the runway. Can only be used as TODA but not TORA or ASDA. |
| How many runways at Hong Kong and what are they? | 2 Runways, 07R/25L and 07L/25R |
| What is the elevation of Hong Kong airport? | 28 feet |
| What is the Lat and Long of Hong Kong? | 22-18/113-54 |
| Any things to think about going into Hong Kong? | Mountains to the south and east can create windshear. |
| How does an altimeter work? | An altimeter use pressure differentials. Inside the altimeter is a diaphragm that is set to 1013. Static ports enable the outside pressure to affect the diaphragm and it will expand as you go higher which is then used on the altimeter. |
| How does an AH work? | The AH uses a spinning gyroscope, which when spinning wants to stay in the same place in space. There are gimbals attach to it that control the AH. The aircraft then moves around the the gyro and the AH shows the movements accordingly. |
| You are on the ILS at 2000 ft. Its is 20 degrees colder than ISA. What correction should you make? | 4% for 10 degrees. You will be 180 feet lower. So you will actually be at 1820ft. |
| How does a yaw damper work? | It applies opposite rudder before the roll can occur. It uses a gyro to sense the movement. |
| What is a parallel yaw damper? | Parallel yaw dampers move the rudders which gives the pilot a better indication however can be an issue during an engine failure. |
| What is series yaw damper? | Does not send inputs to the rudder, meaning it can be used during engine failure etc. |
| How many types of Icing fluid are there? | 4 types, type 1 is a de-icing fluid, the 3 others are anti-icing. |
| What types are most commonly used? | Type 1 and type 4 are used for de-icing and anti icing larger aircraft that have take off speeds of 100 knots and above. |
| What is a one-step anti icing method? | Using a hot fluid like type 1 you de-ice the aircraft. The aircraft has a very limited anti icing however. |
| What is the two-step method for anti icing? | The 2 step is the one step immediately followed by a coating of anti icing (types 2,3 or 4). This gives further protection against icing after. |
| What is a holdover time? | Holdover time is how long the effect of anti icing is expected to last. It starts from the first coating of anti icing. |
| What are trim tabs usually used for? | Trimming the aircraft Control Balance Servo operation |
| What s Specific Fuel consumption? | Its a way of measuring fuel consumption. Its fuel burn per hour/engine thrust. |
| What are the advantages of a triple spool engine like the RB211? | Main advantage is the Fan is being attached to its own turbine is not restricted to the size of the other compressors. Easier to start as only one spool needs to be turned. |
| Errors of a GPS? | Satellite geometry (GDOP) Ephemeris data Multipath Atmospheric Effects Receiver |
| How does an INS work? | INS uses a computer and 6 accelerometer, mounted on a gyro stabilised platform. |
| Where does a swept wing stall first? | At the wing tips. |
| How does fuel management work in the A340? | Inner wing tanks feed the engines. with the other tanks transfering to the inner wing tanks. Generally in this order: Center Inner empties a little Trim Inner empties a bit more Outer |
| What do you know about aquaplaning? | Three types: Dynamic: Cause by standing water Viscous: Surface is damp creating a thin film of fluid. Reverted Rubber: Heat from friction between the runway cause the tyres to become tacky and water boils creating steam. |
Created by:
benniboii