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Random
Random questions about NPTE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Steppage Gait | Excessive hip and knee F usually from foot drop (involvement of sciatic or peroneal nerve) |
| Reason for toe clawing w/ ambulation | hypertonicity of toe flexors, plantar grasp reflex, or positive supporting reflex |
| Action of Sartorius | hip Abd and ER |
| When is hip strategy used vs. ankle strategy | ankle: small perturbation, firm surface hip: larger/faster perturbations, narrow or compliant surface |
| Palpating plica | medial to patella over ant med femoral condyle while passively E and F the knee (plica causes issues of synovitis) |
| Carotid Sinus | baroreceptor located at bifurcation of carotid artery that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure |
| What muscle has to relax to be able to reduce the disc of the TMJ joint | superior lateral pterygoid (has an attachment to the disc pulling it anteriorly) |
| The Joints of Luschka in mid CS help with what? | (Uncovertebral joints) In mid cervical (C3-7) guide F and E of spine. Limit lateral glide/lateral F. |
| Origin and insertion of lumbricals | origin: FDP insertion: lateral side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5 |
| Kher's Sign | Acute pain in tip of shoulder due to presence of blood or other irritants in peritoneal cavity. Hx of severe blow, reflex or referred pain to L shoulder or upper arm suggest spleen rupture |
| Typical contractures following transfemoral amputation | hip F, Abd and ER (use an Abd roll to achieve neutral hip rotation in WC, prone-lying encouraged) |
| What should be the first intervention following dx of shoulder impingement | instruct pt in proper postural alignment |
| What type of AD is contraindicated for patient w/ PD | Rolling walker, as it would increase forward postural deformities and festinating gait. |
| Abarognosis | inability to recognize weight |
| Allodynia | pain produced by a non-noxious stimuli (light touch) |
| Ptosis is related to decreased function of which CN? | CN III (Occulomotor) |
| Motor function of muscle of mastication and sensation to the face are functions of which CN? | CN V (Trigeminal) |
| The gag reflex is a function of which CN(s)? | CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), CN X (Vagus) |
| At risk Cholesterol levels (Total, LDL, HDL) | >200 Total, >130 LDL, <40 HDL (men), <50 HDL (women) |
| Innervation of thumb abductors | Abductor pollicis brevis: Median nerve; Abductor pollicis longus: Radial nerve (Posterior Interosseous) |
| Antigravity muscles of LE (LE Extensor spasticity) | hip E, Add, and PF |
| Ant vs. Lat Spinothalamic tract | Ant=crude touch, pressure Lat= pain and temp |
| What type of studies provide the BEST evidence | Multicenter RCTs (Level l RCT) |
| Response Orientation | refers to the ability to select the correct movements in response to a stimulus |
| What setting on TENS prevents accommodation? | Bust modulation |
| FEV1/FVC ratio below ____ is indicative of COPD | 70% |
| BMI for Obesity | >30 kg/m2 |
| Best intervention for long term limited ROM and F contractures | Prolonged mechanical stretching |
| Appropriate HR and RPE values for post-MI pt's in IP cardiac rehab | HR <120 bpm, RPE <13 |
| What type of exercise should women avoid after 1st trimester? | exercises in the supine position as this can decrease CO |
| Requirements before pt begins resistive training post-MI | exercise capacity >5 METS without anginal sx or ST segment depression. Exercise is to be terminated at RPE of 15 |
| Best Knee F position for testing maximal tibial IR and ER | 90 deg F |
| What is REEP | Resting End Expiratory Pressure; Equilibrium point where forces of inspiration and expiration are balanced. |
| Primary motions of the talocrual and first metatarsophalangeal joints | DF and PF |
| Primary motions of talonavicular and subtalar joints | Pronation and Supination |
| Best PT interventions for stage l lymphedema | Intermittent pneumatic compression, extremity elevation, and massage |
| The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) evaluates a pt's ability to: | modify gait in response to changing task demands |
| Interpretation of spontaneous fibrillation potentials on EMG | evidence of denervation |
| Interpretation of polyphasic motor units of low amplitude and short duration | evidence of reinnervation |
| What will you see w/ step down test w/ pts w/ PFPS | hip add and IR |
| What type of exercise should be avoided w/ CRPS? | Passive manipulation and ROM |
| Developmentally appropriate age for transferring objects from one hand to another | 8-9 months |
| Developmentally appropriate age for fine pincer grasp | 11 months |
| Developmentally appropriate age for stacking 2 blocks | 12-15 months |
| Developmentally appropriate age for stacking 6 blocks | 16-24 months |
| Developmentally appropriate age for holding a cup by the handle while drinking | 12 months |
| Intervention for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | closed-chain PWB LE exercises; aquatic therapy; treat impairments |
| Sx of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | AROM restricted in Abd, F, and IR. Glute med gait. Males 10-17 y/o, Females 8-15 y/o. Vague knee, thigh, and hip pain. |
| Sx of AVN of femoral head | painful WB; limited hip Abd, IR, and F (same as SCFE). TTP hip, pain in groin and/or thigh. |
| Sx of Legg-Calve-Perthes | painful hip w/ limited hip Abd and E; avg onset is 6 y/o. MRI dx test. |
| Anaphylactic shock | allergic reaction |
| Open motor skills vs. Closed motor skills | Open skills are movements skills that can be performed in a variable, changing environment. Closed are performed in a stable, nonchanging environment. |
| Continuous skills | movement skills that appear to have no recognizable beginning or inherent beginning and end. |
| Pressure sensitive areas of lower leg | ant tibia and tibial crest, fibular head, fibular (peroneal nerve) |
| Stemmer's Sign | is positive for lymphedema in the presence of a thickened cutaneous fold of skin over the dorsal proximal toes or fingers. There is inability lifting up or pinching skin in this area. Appears in late stages of lymphedema. |
| Neurapraxia and healing time | a mild peripheral nerve injury. Rapidly reversed, generally within 2-3 weeks. Ex) Saturday night palsy |
| Wallerian degeneration | if nerve is cut, distal part degenerates |
| Kassmaul breathing | deep and labored breathing that is often associated w/ severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis but also kidney failure |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | inherited autosomal dominant. Bone become thin, leading to fractures and deformity. Tx: calcium, vit D, estrogen, biophosphonates. Endurance activities. |
| Treatment contraindications for Osteogenesis imperfecta | PROM and traction |
| Knee E and IR w/ McMurray's will place: tensile or compressive stress on med or lat meniscus | compressive on lateral meniscus and tensile force on medial meniscus |
| Spondylosis vs. Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis | Spondylosis: degeneration of spine. Spondylolysis: fracture of pars interarticularis (oblique x-ray view). Spondylolisthesis: ant or post slippage following B fracture of pars interarticularis (lateral x-ray view) |
| Anosognosia | a person w/ a disability seems to be unaware of the existence of his/her disability |
| CN's responsible for swallowing | V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII |
| Kernig's Sign | for meningitis. Pt supine, F hip and extends knee. If pain w/ extending knee it is positive. |
| Special tests for ACL | Lachman's, Slocum's, Lateral pivot shift |
| TUG | Normal <10 seconds; 11-20 normal for frail elderly or disabled; > 20 sec inc risk for falls; >30 sec high risk |
| Functional Reach | (inches) Above avg >12.2; Below avg <5.6; <10 is indicative of inc fall risk |
| POMA/Tinetti | Max score=28; <19 high risk for falls; 19-24 moderate risk |
| Berg | Max 56; <45 high risk for falls |
| Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | tests are scored in terms of time to complete. Tests balance, gait speed, chair stand. 0 (worst performance) - 12 (best performance) |
| Dynamic Gait Index | Normal 18-24; Hx of falls 7-15 |
| Balance Efficacy Scale (BES) | <50 indicates low confidence |
| Anomia | Deficit of expressive aphasia; consistent inability to produce words for things they want to talk about. (looking at maches and saying "these light things on fire") |
| The Hawthorne Effect | someone modifies their behavior based on the realization that other people are watching |
| Myelodysplasia | a.k.a. Spina Bifida. |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gall bladder. Sx: abdominal (upper right) pain lasting for several hours, can spread to shoulder or back. |
| Valsalva's maneuver's effect on HR, return of blood to heart, venous pressure, cardiac work: | slows HR and return of blood to the heart; inc venous pressure and cardiac work. |
| PRE (Progressive Resistive Exercise) | 10 reps at 50%, 10 reps at 75%, 10 reps at 100% |
| Some contraindications to aquatic exercise | kidney disease, severe peripheral vascular disease |
| van't Hoff's law | for every 10 deg C increase in tissue temp, the rate of cellular oxidation increases by 2-3x |
| Semi-Fowler's vs. Fowler's | HOB elevated 30-45 deg (semi) vs. HOB elevated to 90 deg |
| Trendlenburg position | Feet higher than head by 15-30 deg (Trendelenburg) Reverse Trendelenburg is literally the opposite. |
| Asthenia | weak muscles |
| 3 shoulder depressor muscles | lower trap, pec major, lat |
| Percussion technique for upper lobes apical segments (pg. 237T) | Pt leans back on pillow at 30 deg against therapist. Percuss area between clavicle and top of scapula on each side. |
| Percussion technique for upper lobes post segments (pg. 237T) | Pt leans over folded pillow at 30 deg angle. PT stands behind and claps over back on both sides. |
| Percussion technique for upper lobes anterior segments (pg. 237T) | Pt lies on back w/ pillow under knees. PT claps between clavicle and nipple on each side. |
| Percussion technique for right middle lobe (pg. 237T) | Foot of bed elevated 16 inches. Pt's head down on L side and rotates 1/4 turn backwards, knees flexed. PT claps over right nipple area. Females: heel of hand under armpit, fingers beneath breast. |
| Percussion technique for L upper lobe lingular segments (pg. 237T) | Foot of bed elevated 16 inches. Pt's head down on R side and rotates 1/4 turn backwards, knees flexed. PT claps over L nipple area. Females: heel of hand under armpit, fingers beneath the breast. |
| Percussion technique for lower lobe anterior basal segments (pg. 237T) | Foot of bed elevated 20 inches. Pt lies on side, head down, pillow between knees. PT claps over lower ribs. |
| Percussion technique for lower lobes lateral basal segments (pg. 237T) | Foot of bed elevated 20 inches. Pt lies on abdomen, head down, then rotates 1/4 turn upward, upper leg flexed over a pillow. PT claps uppermost portion of lower libs. |
| Percussion technique for lower lobes posterior basal segments (pg. 237T) | Foot of bed elevated 20 inches. Pt lies on abdomen, head down, pillow under hips. PT claps over lower ribs close to spine on each side. |
| Percussion technique for lower lobes superior segments (pg. 237T) | Bed flat!!!!! Pt lies on abdomen w/ 2 pillows under hips. PT claps over middle of back at tip of scapula on either side of spine. |
| 4 Stages of AD in order | Preclinical AD, Mild AD, Moderate AD, Severe AD |
| Preclinical AD sx | measurable changes in brain CSF and blood biomarkers without noticeable symptoms |
| Mild AD | (mild cog impairment) Mild but measurable changes in cognitive abilities noticeable to person affected and family members; able to carry out everyday activites |
| Moderate AD | Noticeable memory, thinking and behavioral symptoms that impair a person's ability to function in daily life |
| Severe AD | Characterized by loss of ability to communicate, recognize others, and complete dependence |
| Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) | progressive degenerative brain disease resulting from repetitive head trauma |
| Mini Mental State Examination | <24 indicative of mental decline/dementia |
| Grade I ankle sprain | no loss of function, min tearing of Anterior Talofibular ligament |
| Grade II ankle sprain | some loss of function, partial disruption of Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular ligaments |
| Grade III ankle sprain | complete loss of function, complete tearing of Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular ligaments, w/ partial tear of posterior talofibular ligament |
| Hyperkalemia can cause: | dec rate and force of contraction |
| Hypokalemia can cause: | ventricular fibrillation |
| Hypermagnesia can cause: | arrhythmias |
| Hypomagnesemia can cause: | coronary artery vasospasm |
| Positive camel back sign | caused by Patella Alta. Two bumps, second one is tibial tuberosity. |
| Talipes equinovarus | PF, rearfoot inversion, forefoot supination |
| Bigeminy | a PVC every other beat |
| Couplet | 2 premature ventricular contractions are together with no normal heartbeat between them |
| Multifocal PVC | occur when more than one PVC is present, and the two do not appear similar in configuration |
| 3 actions on the scapula from the Rhomboids | Scapular elevation, adduction, and downward rotation |
| 3 actions on the scapula from the Low Trap | Scapular depression, adduction, and upward rotation |
| Petechiae | a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. Can happen w/ increased risk of bleeding. |
| Status Epilepticus | prolonged series of seizures lasting >30 min. MEDICAL EMERGENCY |
| 3 PRIMARY risk factors for atherosclerosis | high BP, cigarette smoking, and hyperlipidemia |
| Watson's Test | Scaphoid subluxation test. Forearm sup, PT applies ulnar force at scaphoid tubercle w/ pt's hand in ulnar deviation and slight E. PT maintains force while moving pt into radial dev and slight F. Thud or click. |
| Murphy Sign | Indicates lunate dislocation. Head of third metacarpal is level w/ 2nd and 4th metacarpals. |
| Prone Instability Test | Tenderness w/ mobes. Pt prone and holds onto plinth and brings LEs up. Dec in tenderness w/ mobes. Indicates pt will benefit from stabilization techniques. |
| Normal ESR | M: <15 mm/hr F: <20 mm/hr |
| Normal WBC count | 4,300-10,800 |
| Use mask when WBC is: and when Absolute Neutrophil Count is: | WBC <1,000-2,000 ANC <500-1,000 |
| Lacunar stroke | stroke to internal capsule-posterior limb. Sx: Contralateral hemiplegia UE and LE. Typically no aphasia and visual field deficit is rare |
| Locked in syndrome | result of lesion to pontine. Sx: Tetraplegia, lower bulbar paralysis (CN V-XII), preserved vertical eye movements and blinking |
| Rinne's Test | Tuning fork placed to mastoid process and once pt says they can't hear it anymore you take it 2cm away from ear and if they can't hear it they have conductive hearing loss. Normal is called Positive Rinne's Test |
| Weber's Test | Tuning fork on middle of forehead or top of lip. If someone has a sensorineural hearing loss one ear will hear it louder than the other. Issues w/ vestibulocochlear nerve, brain, or cochlea. Can be issue caused by drugs, noise, etc. |
| Miosis | Constriction of the pupil |
| At what level of platelets would you quit exercising? | <20,000 |
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