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What groups of people lived in Venezuela before the revolution?
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How did different groups of people in Venezuela understand the Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality?
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Venezuelan Rev
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What groups of people lived in Venezuela before the revolution? | Peninsulares- those born in Spain Creoles- those native to America (African slaves) Mestizos- combo of Native Americans and European ancestry |
| How did different groups of people in Venezuela understand the Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality? | Hacendados- wanted freedom to sell their cocoa and coffee Spanish government- wanted to preserve Venezuela's social hierarchal society |
| What did the Venezuelan Revolution accomplish? | Ended Spain's mercantilist restriction on Venezuelan commerce, and the new republic traded its cocoa and coffee on the open world market |
| In what ways did the Venezuelan Revolution produce its freedom? What were the limits of this freedom? | Trade restrictions were lifted (slavery) Abolition of taxes on food Indian tribute payements to the gov. returned in 1814 when Spain briefly conquered Venezuela |
| In what ways did the Venezuelan revolution produce equality? What were the limits of this equality? | (1810) Criollos reserved a greater measure of political and economic status than mestizos |
| Peninsulares | Peninsulares Men who had been born in Spain; could hold high office in Spanish government |
| Creoles | Spaniards born in Latin america; could not hold high-levels in political office; could rise as officers in Spanish colonial armies; best educated; least oppressed |
| Mastizas | People of mixed European and Native ancestry |
| Mulattos | People of mixed European and African ancestry |
| Africans and Slaves | Little economic value to the Spaniards; most severely oppressed group |
| Simon Bolivar | Venezuelan soldier and statesman who led the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of New Granada. He was president of Gran Colombia (1819–30) and dictator of Peru (1823–26). |
| Jose de San Martin | Argentine General, governor and patriot who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain. He was a lifelong soldier who fought for the Spanish in Europe before returning to Argentina to lead the struggle for Independence. |
| Name four significant contributors to the Venezuelan independence. | Francisco de Miranda (led initial movement), Simon Bolivar (The Liberator), José Tomás Boves (llaneros crushing resistance), and José Antonio de Paez |
| Francisco de Miranda | A creole who led an expedition from New York to Coro to gain independence in 1806, but he was resisted. He was convinced by Simon Bolivar to return in 1810, where he led a junta in power in 1811 and fell from power in 1812 |
| José Tomás Boves | Leader of the Llaneros who crushed resistance to the crown in 1814, promising social equality. He became ruler, and he did not give social equality. |
| José Atonio Paez | A mestizo who realized Boves would not be granting social equality. He allied with Bolivar from 18160-1820, later becoming president and developing social and economic infrastructure. He organized the country's cession from Gran Colombia. |
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