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functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation
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one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location
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Stack #2113846
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation | gene |
| one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location | homologous chromosome |
| sex cell that has half the number of chromosomes; haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg | gamete |
| cell with "n" number of chromosomes | haploid cell |
| process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete (two alleles for a trait unite) | fertilization |
| cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes is called | diploid cell |
| process where gametes are formed--type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes | meiosis |
| what kind of cell division is meiosis? | reduction division |
| How many consecutive cell division occur in meiosis? | 2--meiosis I and meiosis II |
| process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes | crossing over |
| science of heredity | genetics |
| alternative form that a single gene may have for a singular trait; it can be passed from generation to generation | allele |
| form of the trait that appears | dominant |
| form of the trait that is masked | recessive |
| organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait | homozygous |
| organism with two different alleles for a particular trait | heterozygous |
| organism's allele pairs | genotype |
| observable characteristics (outward expression) of allele pair | phenotype |
| two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis | law of segregation |
| heterozygous organisms | hybrids |
| random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation | law of independent assortment |
| new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment | genetic recombination |
| occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism | polyploidy |
| What is produced during meiosis | haploid gametes |
| How many times does DNA replication take place during meiosis? | once |
| How many haploid gametes result during meiosis? | four |
| How many sets of divisions occur during meiosis? | two |
| Meiosis produces ________________ _______________ in gametes? | genetic variation |
| Who explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele? | Mendel |
| What began the study of genetics? | Gregor Mendal's experimnets with pea plants |
| What did Gregor Mendel's study of pea plants give insight into? | inheritance of traits |
| What two laws did Gregor Mendel develop? | 1. Law of segregation 2. Law of independent assortment |
| What helps predict the offspring of a cross? | Punnett squares |
| What is a source of genetic variation? | crossing over |
| What two things are involved in genetic recombination? | 1. crossing over 2. independent assortment |
| What were early chromosome maps based on? | linkage of genes on the chromosome |
| Why are polyploid plants selected by plant growers? | desirable characteristics |
| When two cells with "n" number of chromosomes fuse, what type of cell results? | diploid cell |
| During which process are gametes formed? | meiosis |
| What process results in an exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes? | crossing over |
| How many chromosomes would a cell have during metaphase I of meiosis if it has 12 chromosomes during interphase? | 12 (I think) |
| How does meiosis produce haploid gametes? | |
| How does synapsis occur? | As the homologous chromosomes condense, they begin to form pairs. The homologous chromosomes are held tightly together along their lengths. |
| Why does meiosis contribute to genetic variation but mitosis doesn't? | Depending on how the chromosomes line up at the equator, different combinations of chromosomes can result. Meiosis has two sets of divisions and produces haploid daughter cells that are not identical. Mitosis-one set of division with identical diploids. |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? One division occurs | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Two sets of divisions occur? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? DNA replication occurs during interphase? | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis?DNA replication occurs once before meiosis I? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Synapsis of homologous chromosomes does not occur? | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs during prophase I? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Two identical cells are formed per cell cycle? | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Four haploid cells (n) are formed per cell cycle? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? The daughter cells are genetically identical? | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? The daughter cells are not genetically identical because of crossing over? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Occurs only in body cells? | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Occurs in reproductive cells? | meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Is involved in growth and repair | mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis? Is involved in the production of gametes and providing genetic variation in organisms? | meiosis |
| What is an example of the law of independent assortment? | peas being yellow round, yellow wrinkled, green wrinkled, etc. |
| What is an example of the law of segregation? | all yellow peas because that is the dominant trait (I'm not sure about this one) p. 279 |
| How does cross over apply to variations? | It produces a new combination of genes |
| How is polyploidy used in agriculture? | Agriculturists often select the polyploidy plants because they often are bigger and stronger. |
| If a black guinea pig (Bb) were crossed with a white guinea pig (bb) what would be the resulting phenotypic ratio? | 1:1 black to white (I think) |
| If a purple tall plant (PpTt) is crossed with a white short plant (pptt) what is the resulting phenotypic ratio? | 9:3:3:1 purple tall to purple short to white tall to white short (I think--I don't know how to do this one.) |
| If a cat w/ curled ears is crossed with a cat w/out curled ears and later the offspring were later crossed w/ each other, the phenotypic ratio was 3:1 noncurled to curled. What does this mean? | curled ears is dominant |
| Which of the following does NOT contribute to genetic variations? 1. chromosome number 2. crossing over 3. meiosis 4. random mating | 1. chromosome number |
| Which concept is an exception to Mendel's law of independent assortment? | gene linkage |
| If horseflies have six pairs of chromosomes and two houselies are crossed, how many possible types of fertilized eggs could result from the random lining up of the pairs? | 2^6 x 2^6 = 4,096 (I think--p. 283) |
Created by:
jennamcarthur